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Chapter 6 Vocab
chapter 6 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons |
| compound | a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. |
| covalent bond | The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. |
| electron | negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus. |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. |
| ion | an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons becomes an ion and carries an electric charge |
| ionic bond | an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. |
| molecule | a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
| neutron | particles that have no charge |
| nucleus | neutrons and protons are located at the center of the atom |
| proton | positively charged particles |
| van der Waals force | attractions between the molecules |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
| active site | the specific location where a substrate bind on an enzyme |
| catalyst | a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| chemical reaction | the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances |
| enzyme | are the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes |
| product | the substances formed during the reaction are on the right side of the arrow. |
| reactant | the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow |
| substrate | the reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| acid | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. |
| base | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| buffer | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range |
| hydrogen bond | a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties. |
| pH | the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| polar molecule | meaning that they have oppositely charged regions |
| solute | is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| solution | another name for a homogeneous mixture |
| solvent | a substance in which another substance is dissolved |
| amino acid | are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| carbohydrate | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
| liquid | molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes |
| macromolecule | are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| nucleic acid | are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information |
| nucleotide | nucleic acids made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms |
| polymer | are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers |
| protein | a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids |
Created by:
abe_gzz
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