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Chapter 6

vocabulary

TermDefinition
atom building block of matter contains subatomic particles
compound pure substance with unique properties formed when two or more different elements combine.
covalent bond type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons
electron negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus
element pure substance composed of only one type of atom cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means
ion atom hat is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.
ionic bond electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.
isotope two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
molecule compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
neutron particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus
nucleus the site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
proton positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus
van der Waals force attractive forces between molecules.
activation minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
active site specific place where substrate binds on an enzyme.
catalyst substances that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing he activation energy.
chemical reaction energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances.
enzyme protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
product substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation
reactant substance that exist before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation
substrate reactant to which any enzyme binds
acid substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7.
base substance that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7.
buffer mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range.
hydrogen bond weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen,fluorine, or nitrogen atom
mixture combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individuals characteristics; can have a uniform composition (homogeneous) or have distinct areas of substances (heterogenous).
pH measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
polar molecule molecule with oppositely charged regions
solute substance dissolved in a solvent.
solution homogeneous mixture formed when a substance is dissolved in another substance
solvent substance in which another substance is dissolved.
amino acid carbon compound joined by peptide bonds building block of proteins
carbohydrate organic compound containing carbon, hydrcompogen and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
liquid
macromolecule strainer like opening through which water enters the water-vascular system in most echinoderms.
nucleic acid complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information
nucleotide a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
polymer tube shaped sessile body form of cnidarians
protein organic compound made of animo acids joined by peptide bonds primary building block of organisms
Created by: yadi1998
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