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Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. |
| Ecology | The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment. |
| Biome | A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms. |
| Ecosystem | All the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment. |
| Community | An assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area. |
| Population | A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. |
| Species | A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
| Environment | All external conditions and factors, living and nonliving (chemicals and energy), that affect an organism or other specified system during its lifetime. |
| Biotic Factor | Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact, including animals, plants, mushrooms, and bacteria. |
| Abiotic Factor | Any nonliving part of the environment, such as sunlight, heat, precipitation, humidity, wind or water currents, soil type, and so on. |
| Autotroph | Use solar or chemical energy to produce "food" by assembling inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules. |
| Photosynthesis | Captures light energy and uses it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates. |
| Chemosynthesis | Chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates. |
| Carnivores | Kill and eat each other. |
| Herbivores | Obtain energy and nutrients by eating plant leaves. |
| Scavengers | Consume the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died from other causes. |
| Omnivores | Animals whose diets include a variety of different foods that usually include both plants and animals. |
| Decomposers | "Feed" by chemically breaking down organic matter |
| Detritivores | Feed on detritus particles, often chewing or grinding them into smaller pieces |
| Detritus | Waste or debris |
| Food Chain | A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. |
| Phytoplankton | A mixture of floating algae |
| Food Web | A series of organisms related by predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions; the entirety of interrelated food chains in an ecological community |
| Tropic Level | Each step in a food chain or food web. |
| Ecological Pyramid | Show the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each tropic level in a given food chain or food web |
| Biomass | The total amount of living tissue within a given tropic level. |
| Pyramid of a Biomass | The relative amount of living organic matter available at each tropic level in an ecosystem. |
| Pyramid of Numbers | The relative number of individual organisms at each tropic level in an ecosystem. |
| Pyramid of Energy | The relative amount of energy available at each tropic level of a food chain or food web. |