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rocks and minerals
sciencee
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| minerals | inorganic, solid, naturally occuring, have a crystal structure, and chemical composition |
| how do minerals form? | when magma cools, or evaporation |
| hardness | how hard the mineral is and how it compares to other objects |
| streak | the color of the powder when scraped across a white tile |
| luster | how light reflects from a mineral's surface |
| specific gravity | compares the weight of the mineral with the weight of an equal volume of water |
| crystal system | the shape of the crystal structure |
| cleavage | minerals that split into pieces with smooth regular planes |
| fracture | minerals that break into rough pieces |
| special properties | fluorescent, magnetism, double refraction |
| formula for density? | mass / volume (displaced water) |
| magma makes ___ larger crystals than lava | larger |
| hardness scale | mohs scale |
| hardest mineral | diamond |
| softest mineral | talc |
| what's the difference between fracture and cleavage? | fracture breaks into rough pieces, but cleavage break into smooth regular pieces |
| specific gravity is another word for | density |
| igneous | rocks that form from melted rock that cools |
| intrusive | igneous; form when magma cools below Earth's surface |
| examples of intrusive rocks | granite |
| extrusive | igneous; form on Earth's surface when lava cools |
| examples of extrusive | basalt, obsidian |
| sedimentary | rocks thatform from broken rocks, shells, plants, and other minerals |
| detrital | sedimentary; made of grains of minerals or other rocks; depositied in layers by water, ice, gravity, and wind |
| examples of detrital | shale, sandstone |
| chemical | sedimentary; form when water evaporates and minerals are left behind |
| examples of chemical | halite, gypsum |
| organic | sedimentary; form over billions of years; forms when living matter piles up and is compressed |
| examples of organic | chalk, coal |
| metamorphic | rocks that form when existing rocks are heated and squeezed, they recrystallize, and might change chemically |
| foliated | metamophic; have visible layers or elongated grains of minerals |
| non-foliated | metamorphic; do not have distinct layers or bands |
| fissure | a crack in the crust that allows melted rock to ooze out |
| rock cycle | model of the way rock changes form |
| examples of foliated | slate, gneiss, phyllite |
| examples of nonfoliated | marble, quartzite, soapstone |
| intrusive igneous rocks containing a high percentage of silica | granitic |
| extrusive rocks containing iron, magnesium, or calcium | basaltic |
| main difference between intrusive and extrusive | crystal size (intrusive:larger, extrusive:smaller) |
| limestone | sedimentary rock produced from organic sediment in the ocean |
| coal | produced from layers of plants |
| chalk | a type of limestone made from fossils of tiny animals and algae |
Created by:
kristax0
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