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Ch. 8 (Anatomy)
Ch. 8 Skeletal System Gross Anatomy Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Region which forms the central supporting axis of the body | Axial region |
| Region which includes the bones of the upper and lower limb, as well as the girdles attaching to them | Appendicular region |
| Bones that form within some tendons in response to strain | Sesamoid bones |
| Most of the bones in the skull are connected by... | Sutures |
| Encloses and protects the brain | Cranial cavity |
| Holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels | Foramina |
| Membranes which enclose and protect the brain | Meninges |
| Thickest and toughest of the meninges | Dura mater |
| Skullcap | Calvaria |
| Deepest fossae of the cranial floor which houses the cerebellum | Posterior cranial fossa |
| Suture which joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones | Coronal suture |
| Connects right and left parietal bones | Sagittal suture |
| Forms the lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity | Temporal bones |
| Provides attachment for muscles of the tongue, pharynx and hyoidbone | Styloid process |
| Forms the rear of the skull | Occipital bone |
| Admits the spinal cord to the cranial cavity and provides a point of attachment for the dura mater | Foramen magnum |
| Ligament which binds the skull to the vertebral column | Nuchal ligament |
| Do not enclose the brain by lie anterior to the cranial cavity | Facial bones |
| Located int he middle ear cavity and are involved in hearing | Auditory ossicles |
| Spaces between unfused cranial bones (soft spots) | Fontanels |
| Accumulation of excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid which causes the cranium to swell | Hydrocephalus |
| A bony outgrowth or protruding part | Protuberance |
| A prominent expanded end of a bone | Head |
| A rough elevated surface | Tuberosity |
| A rounded knob that articulates with another bone | Condyle |
| A shallow, board or elongated basin | Fossa |
| A small pit | Fovea |
| A smooth, flat and slightly concave/convex articular surface | Facet |
| An air-filled space in a bone | Sinus |
| Two massive processes unique to the femur | Trochanters |
| A canal through a bone | Meatus |
| Saddle-like feature of the sphenoid bone which houses the pituitary gland | Sella turcica |
| Very delicate and easily injured by a sharp upward blow to the nose | Ethmoid bone |
| Occupy most of the nasal cavity, leaving little open space and house the mucus membranes which cleanse, warm and moisten the air | Nasal Conchae |
| Only vertebrae to have transverse foramina | Cervical |
| Leg, which extends from knee to ankle | Crural region |
| Thick, stout body and blunt, squarish spinous processes | Lumbar vertebrae |
| The tubercle of a rib articulates with the ___ of a vertebrae | Transverse process |
| The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down | Ischium |
| Disc shaped head of the radius articulates with the ___ of the humerus | Capitulum |
| Physically supports the skull and trunk, allows for their movement and protects the spinal cord | Vertebral column |
| There are __ vertebrae | thirty-three |
| Fibrocartilage found between each vertebrae | Intervertebral discs |
| Beyond the age of three, your ___ curvatures have developed to help support the weight of the body | Secondary |
| The ___ curvatures are present at birth; thoracic and pelvic | Primary |
| Mass of spongy bone covered with a thin shell of compact bone | Vertebral body |
| Inner gelatinous portion of the intervertebral disc that may rupture with extreme force and cause pinching of spinal nerves | Nucleus pulposus |
| Plays it's largest role during breathing | Thoracic cage |
| The smallest portion of the sternum that may be broken during vigorous CPR | Xiphoid process |
| Ribs which have independent cartilaginous attachment to the sternum | True ribs |
| Ribs which lack independent cartilaginous attachment to the sternum | False ribs |
| Ribs which lack ANY cartilaginous attachment to the sternum | Floating ribs |
| Portion of the humerus which designates it as the "funny bone" | Humeral epicondyle |
| Attached to the thorax only by muscles | Scapula |
| Bones of fingers and toes | Phalanges |
| Braces the shoulder and keeps the upper limb away from midline of the body | Clavicle |
| Consists of a complete ring composed of three bones and provides lower limb attachment | Pelvic girdle |
| Leg bone which does not bear any of the body's weight | Fibula |
| Long bone in the arm | Humerus |
| Longest and strongest bone of the body | Femur |
| Loose attachments result in far more flexibility than that of most other mammals | Shoulder |
| Medial forearm bone | Ulna |
| Shallow socket that articulates with the humerus | Glenoid cavity |
| Shin bone | Tibia |
| Lateral forearm bone | Radius |
| ___ of the newborn involves obstetric nurses palpating the head and fontanels to check for proper development, possible dehydration, etc. | Cranial assessment |
| Slender U-shaped bone between the chin and larynx | Hyoid bone |
| Point of the chin | Mental protuberance |
| All mammals have __ cervical vertebrae, even the giraffe | Seven |
| Exaggerated thoracic curvature | Kyphosis |
| Exaggerated lumbar curvature | Lordosis |
| Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | Scoliosis |
| First vertebra; allows for rotation of the head | Axis |
| Tailbone | Coccyx |
| Strong, nearly immovable joint between the bottom portion of the vertebra and the hip bones | Sacroiliac joint |
| There are ___ pairs of ribs | Twelve |
| Manus | Hand |
| Pedal | Foot |
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SavannahElkins
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