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LD ES - Ch 2

LD Earth Science - Chapter 2 - Minerals, Rocks, & Resources

TermDefinition
banding Type of layering (foliation) found in some metamorphic rocks that is caused by the movement or growth of minerals into homogeneous layers.
bioclastic Sedimentary rock, such as coal and some types of limestone, formed by the accumulation of plant and animal remains
bond Attachment between atoms and molecules
cement Mineral or another fine matrix, that fills the pores between the grains of sediments in sedimentary rock, holding it together
cleavage The way that a mineral splits between layers of atoms that are joined by weak bonds.
cleavage planes Flat surfaces alone which some minerals break naturally
conglomerate Sedimentary rock composed of cemented gravel, pebbles, or cobbles.
contact metamorphism Chemical and physical changes to a rock caused mostly by the heat of a nearby intrusion or extrusion of molten liquid rock.
crystal Solid form of a mineral with a regular shaped caused by the internal arrangement of atoms.
crystalline sedimentary rock Rocks deposited from seawater by chemical precipitation (settling) of minerals.
crystallize To form inter grown crystals as a liquid cools to form a solid.
double refraction Property of transparent crystals to form a double image of objects viewed through the crystals
evaporite Sedimentary rock deposited when minerals in a saturated solution settle out of an evaporating body of water
extrusive Rocks formed from lava that solidifies quickly at Earth's surface
felsic Light-colored rocks composed mostly of feldspar and silica
foliation Alignment or segregation of minerals in a metamorphic rock, producing a layered appearance.
fossil Any preserved remains or traces of life.
fossil fuel Fules, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, that were formed millions of years ago from the remains of ancient organisms.
fracture Uneven splitting of a mineral sample
fragmental Most common group of sedimentary rocks, made up of different sized particles held by cement
hardness In geology, the ability of a mineral to resist scratches
igneous rock Rock formed by the cooling and crystallization of molten rock (magma or lava)
inorganic Substance not formed by or from living things
intrusive Rocks that crystallize slowly inside Earth's crust. Also, referred to plutonic.
lava Molten rock at Earth's surface
luster Way the surface of a mineral reflects light
mafic Composed of dark minerals rich in iron and magnesium
magma Molten rock within Earth
metamorphic rock Rock that has been changed in mineral composition and/or texture by heat and/or pressure without melting.
mineral Natural, crystalline inorganic substance of which rock is made
Mohs scale Series of ten minerals used as a scale of hardness
natural resource Useful substance that comes from Earth
nonrenewable resource Resource that cannot be replenished as quickly as they are used
organic rock Sedimentary rick formed by the accumulation of plant and animal remains.
origin Method by which rock was formed
regional metamorphism Process by which large masses of rock are changed by deep burial within Earth
renewable resource Natural materials that can be replaced as quickly as they are used
rock Natural piece of the solid Earth, usually composed of one or more minerals.
rock cycle Model explaining the natural changes in rocks and sediments
sedimentary rock Rock formed by the compression and cementation of particles of sediment
silicates Large family of minerals that has the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as its basic structure.
specific gravity Ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water
streak Color of the powder of a mineral revealed by rubbing the mineral along a white, unglazed porcelain plate
texture Shape or feel of a surface; particularly the shape, arrangement, and size of minerals crystals on a rock surface
vesicular Rock containing many holes created by expanding gas as magma rose to Earth's surface (ex: scoria and pumice)
Created by: desilva13
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