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Clinical Research
Clinical Research Quiz 3 pt 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Archives | a collection of historical documents or records providing information about a place, institution, or group of people. |
| Autoethnography/Insider research | a type of ethnography involving self scrutiny (including study of groups or cultures to which researchers belong); demands researchers maintain consciousness of their role & monitor their internal state and their interactionsw/ other during the study |
| Being-in-the-world/Embodiment | concept acknowledging peopleâs physical ties to their world thru senses, & are conscious through their bodiesâ interaction w/ world; in-depth group |
| Bracketing | in qual. Research, when researcher suspends knowledge about an experience; process of identifying & suspending preconceived beliefs/opinions about t/ phenomenon under study (step 1 in descriptive phenomenology) |
| Bricolage | term referring to the deliberate mixing of qualitative methods and ways of thinking in order to address a specific issue or problem |
| Bricoleur | A person who constructs bricolages, one who creates using whatever materials are available |
| Case study | in-depth investigation of a single entity (or small number of entities), in attempt to analyze & understand issues import to its history, development, or circumstances |
| Cognitive anthropology/ Ethnoscience | focuses on cognitive world of a culture, w/ particular emphasis on the semantic rules and shared meanings that shape behavior; i.e. the assumption that a group’s cultural knowledge is reflected in its language. |
| Constant comparison | procedure in grounded theory analysis where newly collected data are compared in continuously w/ previously obtained data in attempt to assess similarity |
| Content analysis | analysis of themes and patterns that emerge in the narrative content |
| Critical ethnography | ethnography that focuses on raising consciousness in t/ group or culture under study in hopes of effecting social change; study done in Canada on communication, silence, and power |
| Critical theory | an approach to viewing the world involving a critique of society, w/ t/ goal of envisioning new possibilities & effecting social change |
| Descriptive qualitative study | qualitative studies w/o formal name |
| (descriptive phenomenology) | careful description of ordinary conscious experience of everyday life—description of “things” as people experience them; i.e. sight, belief, memories, decisions, etc.; It involves 4 steps: bracketing, intuiting, analyzing, and describing |
| Discourse analysis | a tradition seeking to understand the rules, mechanisms, & structure of conversations & texts; seeks to understand t/ action that a given kind of talk “performs” |
| Ecologic psychology | focuses on the influence of the environment on human behavior, and attempts to identify interdependence on being affected by and affecting the environment one is in |
| Emergent design | a type of design in qualitative studies that evolves as researchers make ongoing decisions reflecting what has already been learned |
| Emic perspective | perspective of the group studied; i.e. what do participants say? t/ way MEMBERS of the culture envision their world |
| Ethnography | the study of cultural patterns and experiences in a holistic fashion; studies tacit cultural knowledge. The researcher is t/ instrument i.e. fieldwork, participant observer, interviews with key informant |
| Ethnomethodologic experiment | seeks to examine people's reactions to violations of commonly accepted social rules or norms |
| Ethnomethodology | seeks to discover how people make sense of their everyday activities and interpret their social worlds, so as to behave in socially acceptable ways |
| Ethnonursing research | coined by Leininger, it’s t/ study & analysis of t/ local or indigenous people’s viewpoints, beliefs, & practices about nursing care behavior & processes of designated cultures |
| Ethology | the biology of human behavior; studies behavior as it evolves in its natural context; uses fieldwork |
| Etic perspective | t/ way OUTSIDERS interpret experiences of a culture; i.e. how do I analyze what has been said? Look at theories with a "t" etic "T"; |
| External criticism | in historical research, t/ systematic evaluation of the authenticity and genuineness of data; ex. Find a diary written by past person, âis it her handwriting, is the paper of the right time period, is this the right writing style?â |
| Feminist research | research seeking to understand how gender and a gendered social order shape women’s lives and their consciousness |
| Finding aids | resources that tell researchers what’s in the archive |
| Formal grounded theory | a theory about a substantive grounded theory’s core category that’s extended by sampling widely in a range of substantive areas |
| Grounded theory | may use observation and interview to describe a social process; it is a constant comparison |
| Hermeneutics | using LIVED EXPERIENCES as a tool for better understanding t/ social, cultural, political, or historical context in which the experiences occur; focuses on meaning & interpretation of object |
| Historical research | histories or biographical social intellectual and technological that uses primary and secondary source data; systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurrences |
| Internal criticism | in historical research, an eval of WORTH of historical evidence; ex. question if a writer’s perspective of historical events are unbiased, was that author in t/position to make a valid report of occurrence, was t/ document writer competent? |
| Intuiting | 2nd step in descriptive phenomenology; when researchers stay open to meanings attributed to the phenomenon by those who hv experienced it |
| Key informants | a people knowledgeable about the phenomenon of research interest & who is willing to share info & insights w/ t/ researcher |
| Lived body | (corporeality); the phenomenological fact that we are always bodily in the world; i.e. critical gaze: body may look awkward, & motions appear clumsy, but w/ admiring gaze: body may surpass its usual grace & its normal abilities |
| Lived human relation | (relationality); the lived relation we maintain with others in the interpersonal space that we share with them |
| Lived space | (spatiality): inquiring into the ways we experience spatial dimensions of our day-to-day existence; space in which we find ourselves affects the way we feel |
| Lived time | (temporality); temporal dimensions of past, present, and future constituting the horizons of a person’s temporal landscape; our temporal way of being in the world (t/ subjective look at time in the future or past) |
| Macroethnography | focuses on our culture polycon; research focused on BROADLY DEFINED CULTURES |
| Metasynthesis | Analyzing facts & bringing together findings to form a conclusion |
| Microethnography | âFOCUSEDâ community institution shared lifestyle, experience or event; i.e. specific illness or medical event; NARROWLY DEFINED CULTURES; fine-grained studies of either small units in a group or culture, or of specific activities in an organizational |
| Narrative analysis | t/ focus on the STORY as the object of inquiry, to examine how individuals make sense of events in their lives; |
| Participant observation | strategy in which ethnographers make observations of the culture while PARTICIPATING in its activities |
| Participatory action research (PAR) | ENGAGES PARTICIPANTS in the process and goals of the research |
| Phenomenological reduction | suspending judgment about the natural world to instead focus on analysis of mental experience |
| Phenomenology | disciplinary roots in philosophy and psychology; focuses on meaning of lived human experiences; uses interviews for human experience; strives to understand t/ ESSENCE & meaning of a phenomenon; developed by Husserl & Heidegger |
| Primary source | first hand information; i.e. original documents, relics, artifacts, diaries |
| Qualitative outcome analysis (QOA) | evaluating nursing interventions for complex clinical phenomena |
| Researcher as instrument | describes the significant role ethnographers play in analyzing and interpreting a culture |
| Secondary source | 2nd or 3rd hand accounts of historical events or experiences; i.e. textbooks, ref bks, newspaper articles, (discussions/summaries of events written by those who didn’t participate in them) |
| Semiotics | sometimes used by symbolic interactionists, this is t/ study of signs & their meanings |
| Substantive theory | grounded data on a specific substantive area; i.e. postpartum depression; TRANSFERABLE, rather than generalizable, in the sense that elements of the context can be transferred to contexts of action with similar characteristics to the context under study |
| Symbolic interaction | sociological and social-psychological tradition; focuses on the manner in which people make sense of social interaction & t/ interpretations they attach to social symbols, such as language |
| Tacit knowledge | info about t/ culture that is so deeply embedded in cultural experiences that members don’t talk about it or may not even be consciously aware of it |
Created by:
Fukanwa
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