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CP Bio- CH 3
Biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compounds made from carbon and hydrogen that come from living or dead things | organic compounds |
| compounds that don't much have carbon or don't come from living things | inorganic compounds |
| how many electrons are shared in a triple bond? | 6 or 3 pairs |
| functional group | a cluster of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristics |
| hydroxl (OH) | makes molecules polar (can dissolve in water) |
| monomer | simple structures (1 unit) |
| polymer | many units bonded together |
| condensation reaction | joining of monomers which releases a water droplet |
| hydrolysis | breaking of polymers by adding water |
| name two monosaccharides (simple sugars) | gluose and fructose |
| the energy currency of the cell | ATP |
| when ATP undergoes hydrolysis what does it form | ADP + P and energy is released |
| what breaks off of an ATP to release energy? | a phosphate group |
| what are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are a source of quick energy | carbohydrate |
| glucose, fructose, and sucrose all have the same chemical formula but different shapes. they are all ___________ of each other | isomers |
| when two monosaccharides bond together it forms a | disaccharide |
| when many disaccharides bond together it forms a | polysaccharide |
| examples of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) in plants include | cellulose and starch |
| examples of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) in animals include | glycogen |
| organic compounds that build muscle | protein |
| the monomer of proteins | amino acids |
| the bond that holds amino acids together | peptide bonds |
| the parts that make up amino acids | amino group, carboxyl group, and an "R group" that varies depending on which amino acid it is |
| enzymes are what type of macromolecule | proteins |
| proteins are also called | polypeptides |
| protein function is determined by its shape. if the shape of a protein changes it will no longer work. what is it called when the shape changes? | denaturing |
| what speeds up chemical reactions | enzymes which are catalysts |
| what do you call the molecule that bonds to an enzyme and then turns into the product? | substrate |
| are enzymes reusabe? | yes |
| lipids have hydroxl groups which makes them... | nonpolar |
| lipids are made from | glycerol and fatty acids |
| what is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat? | saturated have all single bonds between the fatty acids and unsaturated have at least one double bond between its fatty acids |
| which fats (saturated or unsaturated) are solid at room temperature ex:butter and lard | saturated |
| name the different types of lipids | fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids |
| where are phospholipids found? | they make up the cell membrane |
| why is it good that cells have a phospholipid bilayer | the lipids are nonpolar so they don't dissolve in water. this is good so that cells don't dissolve in water |
| give an example of a steroid (a lipid) | cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen |
| which macromolecule transfers genetic information | nucleic acids like DNA, RNA, ATP |
| What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? | nucleotide |
| what are nucleotides made of? | a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base (A,T,C or G) |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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