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Bilogy
7 chapters
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific method | is a process of investigation in which problems are identified and their suggested explanations are tested by carrying out experiments. |
| Hypothesis | is an educated guess based on observations. |
| Data | consists of the measurements,observations or information gathered from experiments. |
| Theory | is a hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments. |
| Principle/Law | arises from a theory that has been shown to be valid when fully tested over a long period of time. |
| Variable | is a factor that may change in an experiment |
| Control | is used to provide a standard against which the actual experiment can be judged |
| Double-blind testing | in a designed experiment neither the person being tested nor the tester know who is receiving the real treatment or who is receiving the placebo. |
| Metabolism | is the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism |
| Organisation | means that living things are composed of cells,tissues,organs and organ system. |
| Nutrition | is the way organisms obtain and use their food |
| Excretion | is the removal waste products of metabolism from the body |
| Response | is the way in which all living things react to changes (called stimuli) in their environment or surroundings |
| Reproduction | is the production of new individuals |
| The Continuity of Life | means that life can arise only from living things of the same type |
| Cell Wall(plant cell) | made of cellulose and supports the cells |
| Vacuoles(plant cell) | contain a fluid called sap(salts,sugars and pigments |
| Protoplasm | is all living parts of a cell |
| Nucleus | control centre of the cell |
| Coarse focus knob | for rough focusing |
| Fine focus knob | for precise focusing |
| Cell membrane | composed of phospholipids and proteins.Retains the cells contents |
| Nucleolus | small dark stain in the nucleus.Makes Ribosomes |
| Chloroplasts | green structure in which photosynthesis takes place in |
| Ribosomes | are tiny structures that contain RNA and protein.They make proteins |
| Prokaryotic cells | do not have nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles |
| Eukaryotic cells | have a nucleus and cell organelles |
| Mitochondrion supplies energy | supplies energy and are sites of respiration |
| Immobilised enzymes | are enzymes that are attached,or fixed,to each other,or to an inert material |
| Bioprocessing | is the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product |
| Enzyme | a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up |
| Tissue culture | is the growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism |
| Prophase | spindle fibres appear and the nuclear membrane breaks down |
| Metaphase | the nuclear membrane is broken and two spindle fibres attach to each centromere |
| Anaphase | the spindle fibres contract and an equal number of chromosones is pulled to each pole |
| Telophase | the chromosomes elongate to form chromatin, spindle fibres break down and two nuclear membranes form |
| Active site | part of enzyme that combines with the substrate |
| Denatured enzyme | has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function |
| Meiosis | halves the number of chromosomes in each resulting nucleus.Produces chromosomes with genetic variations that will result in variations in the organisms. |
| Mitosis | a nucleus divides in two.It allows single celled organisms to reproduce |
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KSTAPOR
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