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Plate Tectonics
Seafloor Spreading, Plate Movement and Layers of Earth
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| lithosphere | the crust and the upper mantle; plate tectonics |
| crust | the thin layer of cool rock that forms the surface of Earth that we live on |
| mantle | the layer of hot rock that surrounds the outer core; Earth’s thickest layer; the upper mantle contains the asthenosphere (magma) that lies right below the lithosphere |
| asthenosphere | molten (melted) rock under the lithosphere |
| outer core | the layer of liquid metal that surrounds the inner core |
| inner core | a ball of solid, hot metal at the center of the Earth |
| igneous rock | is formed when magma cools and becomes a solid rock |
| metamorphic rock | is formed deep inside the Earth with heat and pressure changing the rock |
| sedimentary rock | is formed when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| Fault | a break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere |
| earthquakes | shaking that results from movement of rock below Earth’s surface |
| seismic waves | a shock wave that travels through the Earth from an earthquake or explosives; P waves, S waves and surface waves |
| volcanoes | a weak spot in crust where magma comes to the Earth’s surface |
| convergent boundary | two plates move toward each other |
| divergent boundary | two plates move away from each other |
| transform boundary | two plates slide past each other |
| subduction zone | oceanic plate sinks underneath a deep-ocean trench and melts back into the mantle |
| plate tectonics | theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle - asthenosphere |
| seafloor spreading | process where molten magma adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor at a divergent boundary |
| continental drift | the hypothesis that the continents slowly moved from Pangaea to the location they are currently at today |
| convection currents | movement of magma in the mantle caused by a cycle of uneven heating as warmer magma rises and cooler magma sinks |
| Ring of Fire | frequent volcanic and earthquake activity around the Pacific Plate that is caused by the colliding of moving crustal plates |
| Pangaea | supercontinent that existed over 200 million years ago and included all current land masses |
Created by:
mosebren
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