Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ES 09.3 Oceans
Terms associated with oceans and ocean currents.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| first scientific expedition to collect ocean data was conducted by this British ship in the 1870's | H.M.S. Challenger |
| surface device that can measure both depth of ocean water and some underwater features | sonar |
| what does the O.S.T.M. satellite measure/monitor? | ocean surface levels |
| a (small) submarine that can dive deeply in the ocean, discovering new marine life and collecting water/sediment samples | submersible |
| approximate age of the Earth (and its oceans) | 4.5 billion years |
| mostly Earth's starting material, but also comets, meteors, and volcanic emissions | origins of Earth's (ocean) waters |
| approximate percent of Earth's surface covered by water | 70% |
| hemisphere that has the largest % of surface area covered by water | southern hemisphere |
| gas extracted from the atmosphere by phytoplankton during photosynthesis | carbon dioxide |
| gas released into the atmosphere by phytoplankton during photosynthesis | oxygen |
| the #1 dissolved salt in Earth's oceans | sodium chloride (NaCl) |
| measure of the dissolved salts in seawater | salinity |
| average concentration of salts in seawater in parts per thousand | 35 ppt |
| as the depth of ocean water increases, its temperature _?_ | decreases |
| layer of ocean water about 100 m deep that is warm and sunlit | surface water/layer |
| layer of ocean water in which there is a rapid decrease in temperature with depth, and into which no/little light enters | thermocline |
| dark, near-freezing layer of ocean water | bottom water/layer |
| what ocean waters lack the upper two ocean layers? | polar oceans/seas |
| in general, what property causes ocean water to separate into layers? | density |
| what is the density of freshwater? is ocean water more or less dense than fresh? | 1.0 grams per cubic centimeter; more dense |
| what is the freezing point of fresh water in celsius? is the FP of ocean water more or less than fresh? | 0 degrees; less |
| what color of visible light is completely absorbed first by ocean water? which color penetrated deepest? | red; blue |
| Antarctic Bottom, North Atlantic Deep, and Antarctic Intermediate | 3 major deepwater masses |
| rhythmic disturbance generated by wind that carries energy through water | wave |
| highest point of a wave | crest |
| lowest point of a wave | trough |
| distance from one wave crest to the next | wavelength |
| difference between level of wave crest and trough | wave height (amplitude) |
| depth in water to which a wave disturbs particle in the water | wave base |
| continuous distance wave-generating wind blows across ocean water | fetch |
| ocean containing the highest average wave height | Southern Ocean |
| process occurring when a wave enters shallow water, the bottom experiences friction and slows, while the top continues and falls over | wave breaking (or curling) |
| periodic rise and fall of sea level | tides |
| described a tide cycle that has two large high tides per day | semidiurnal |
| describes a tide cycle that has 1 larger and 1 smaller high tide per day | mixed |
| describes a tide cycle that has only one high tide per day | diurnal |
| primary factor/force causing tides on Earth | moon's gravity |
| highest high tides that occur when the Earth, moon, and sun are aligned (during full or 'new' moons | spring tide |
| lowest high tides that occur when the moon and sun act at right angles to the Earth (during quarter moons) | neap tide |
| ocean currents that move in the top 100 - 200 m, driven predictably by winds | surface currents |
| rotations of surface currents due to deflections by continents, they rotate clockwise in the N and counterclockwise in the S hemisphere | gyres |
| upward motion of ocean water, bringing nutrient-rich cold waters to the ocean surface | upwelling |
| slow-moving deepwater ocean currents caused by temperature and salinity differences that take about 1000 years to cycle | thermohaline (density) currents |
Created by:
goakley
Popular Earth Science sets