click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bates Microbio-18y
Microbiology Exam 5 Definations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anaphylaxis | A hypersensitivity reaction involoving IgE antibodies, mast cells, and basohils |
| Mast Cells | Contains histamine and other substace that stimulate vasodilation |
| Basophils | Granulocyte cleukocytes that readily takes up basic dye and is not phagocytic; has receptors for IgE FC regions |
| Degranulation | The release of content of secretory granules from mast cells or basophils during anaphylaxis |
| Histamine | Substance released by tissue cells that causes vasoldilation, capillary permeabilty and smooth muscle contration |
| Desensitization | Prevention of allergic inflammatory response |
| Systemic anaphylaxis | Hyper sensitivity reaction causing vasodilation and resulting in shock; also called anaphylactic shock |
| Localized anaphylaxis | Immedicate hypersensitivity reaction that is restricted to a limited area of skin or mucous membrane |
| HLA | (Human Leukocyte antigen) MHC genes in humans. |
| Privileged site | Area of the body or a tissue that does not elicit an immue reponse |
| Stem cells | Undifferentiated cell that giives to a varitey of specialized cells |
| Auto graft | A tissue graft from one's self |
| Iso graft | Tissue from a gentically identical source. ie. from an identical twin |
| Allograft | Tissue graft that is not from a genetically identical donor. ie. not from self or an identical twin |
| Immune surveillance | body immune response to cancer |
| Spectrum of activity | Different types of microorganisms affected by an antimicrobial drug; wide range is referred to as a broad spectrum |
| Broad-spectrum antibotic | Effective against a wide range of both gram + and gram- bacteria |
| Superinfection | Growth of pathogen that has developed resistance to an antimicrobial drug being used; the growth of an opportunistic pahthogen |
| synergism | Principle whereby the effectiveness of two drugs used simultaneoulysis greater than that of either drug used alone |
| Antagonism | Two drugs are less effective than either one alone, competion among microbes |
| Extremophile | Microogrgranism that lives in enviormental extermes of temp., acitdity, alkalinity, salinity, or pressure. |
| Symbiosis | Living together of two different organisms or populations |
| Bioremediation | Use of microbes to remove an enviormental pollutant |
| Coliforms | Aerobic or facultatively anerobic; gram - , forming wiht acid an dgas formation within 48 hours 38* C |
| Xenotransplant | Nonhuman tissue |
| Bacteriostactic | Prevents microbes from growing |