Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cells/Cell Transport
Biology Cell Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main ideas of the "Cell Theory?" | ~All living things are composed of cells ~Cells are the smallest working units of living things ~All cells come from preexisting cells |
| What is the problem with the third idea of the "Cell Theory?" | Where did the first cell come from? |
| Robert Hooke | 1655; described "cells" in a sample from a cork tree |
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | 1674; discovered protozoa 1683; observed bacteria |
| Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodore Schwann | 1838; proposed the cell theory |
| Rudolf Virchow | 1858; expounded his famous conclusion: "Omnis cellula e cellula," or "Cell only develop from existing cells." |
| Prokaryotic Cell | a cell lacking a true membrane bound nucleus; has free-floating DNA; simpler |
| Eukaryotic Cell | a cell with a true nucleus; a cell will a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles; more complex |
| What is the difference between the two types of cells? | Prokaryotic cells are simple and have no membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are complex, have a true nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. |
| Organelles only found in plant cells: | cell wall, chloroplast |
| Organelle only found in animal cells: | centriole |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA that provides a cell with unique characteristics and regulates DNA and RNA actions (ex: City Hall) |
| Cell Membrane | acts as a protective barrier to an uncontrolled water flow, regulates what goes in and out of a cell (phospholipid bilayer; ex: City Limits) |
| Cell Wall | provides and maintains the shape of plant cells and also protects the cell wall; is usually made of cellulose, but is also a polysaccharide (ex: rock wall) |
| Mitochondria | provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, and produce products, etc; it has a large surface area to be more efficient (ex: Water and Light services) |
| Chloroplast | absorbs energy from the sunlight and is responsible for a plant's green color. The energy it absorbs in used to metabolize sugars in photosynthesis (ex: solar panels) |
| Golgi body (apparatus) | packages and stores macromolecules for transport within the cell (ex: post office) |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | synthesizes proteins and transports them throughout the cell (ex: roads and sidewalks) |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | responsible for lipid and hormone synthesis, breaking down of lipid soluble toxins in liver cells and controls calcium release in muscle cells (ex: roads and sidewalks) |
| Vacuole | In animal cells: helps intracellular digestion and release of waste products (is small) In plant cells: stores nutrients and waste, increases cell size during plant growth, regulates turgor pressure (is larger) (ex: grocery stores, water tanks) |
| Lysosome | contains hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion (more common in animal cells than in plant cells; ex: recycling center) |
| Centriole | part of the cytoskeleton, important in cell division, helps chromosomes separate during mitosis (ex: LMHS vs LHS) |
| Cytoplasm | everything in a cell besides the nucleus (ex: everything in a city besides city hall) |
| Nuclear envelope | regulates what comes in and out of the nucleus (ex: wall/doors of city hall) |
| Nucleolus | Produces RNA and ribosomes (ex: mayor) |
| DNA | contains directions on how to make protein (ex: laws or rules) |
| Ribosomes | make protein (ex: restaurants, factories, builders) |
| Cilia | many hair-like structures that help the cell to move (ex: cars and bikes) |
| Flagella | Long, propeller like structure that helps the cell to move (ex: cars and bikes) |
| Active Transport | Molecular movement, requires energy because it moves against the gradient, uses sodium-potassium pump |
| Passive Transport | No energy required, move due to gradient (difference in concentration, pressure, or charge), move to equalize gradient (moves from high to low concentration) |
| Diffusion | ~molecules move to equalize concentration ~molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | ~special type of diffusion (usually has to do with water) ~fluid flows from a lower solute concentration to a higher one ~often involves movement of water across a semipermeable cell membrane either into or out of a cell |
| Hypotonic Solution | -The concentration of a solute inside a cell is more than outside the cell -The outside will flow into the cell to equalize the gradient |
| Hypertonic Solution | -The concentration of a solute is greater outside the cell than inside the cell -Fluid flows out of the cell to equalize the gradient |
| Isotonic Solution | -The concentration of a solute is the same inside and outside of a cell, thus there is no change |
| Facilitated diffusion | ~deferentially permeable membrane ~specific channels help molecules or ions enter or leave the cell ~Channels usually transport proteins (aquaporins facilitate the movement of water) ~No energy is used |
| Process of facilitated diffusion | 1. Protein binds with molecules 2. The shape of the protein changes 3. Molecules move across the membrane |
| Active transport | ~molecular movement ~requires energy because molecules are moving against the gradient ~example: sodium potassium pump |
| Endocytosis | ~type of active transport ~movement of large materials such as particles or organisms ~movement is into cells |
| Types of endocytosis | -Bulk (non-specific) -Receptor-mediated (specific) |
| Process of endocytosis | 1. Plasma membrane surrounds materials 2. Edges of membrane meet 3. membranes fuse to form vesicle |
| Forms of endocytosis | -Phagocytosis: "cell eating" -Pinocytosis: "cell drinking" |
| Exocytosis | ~reverse of endocytosis ~cell discharges material(s) |
| Process of exocytosis | 1. Vesicle moves to cell surface 2. Membrane of vesicle fuses 3. Materials are expelled |
| Plasmolysis | The shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss from osmosis, thereby resulting in gaps between the cell wall and cell membrane |
| Why are cells so small? | If a cell gets too big, its surface area will be insufficient to meet the needs of the cell's volume in that it will be unable to efficiently get rid of waste and take in nutrients. |
| How does a surface area to volume ratio relate? | The smaller the volume of a cell is compared to the surface area, the better. If the surface area is small compared to the volume, the cell will be inefficient and will likely die. |
| How do cells stay efficient in terms of surface area to volume? | They divide or increase their surface area to become long and thin or skinny and flat. |
| Osmotic pressure | a force caused by the net movement of water by osmosis |
| Phagocytosis | Taking material into the cell by using pockets in the cell membranes, then an extension of the cytoplasm of a cell surrounds a particles and packs into a food vacuole |
| Examples of diffusion | A smell spreading throughout a room, food coloring in water |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | ~a high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do ~the energy from ATP is used to "pump" small molecules across a cell membrane by binding them on one side and releasing them on the other |
Created by:
namelyme001
Popular Biology sets