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SLSBio12DNA SM

SLS Bio 12 DNA Protein Synthesis SM

TermDefinition
Complementary base pairing the manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules align with each other.
DNA helicase an enzyme that catalyzes the energy-dependent unwinding of the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
DNA polymerase a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules.
Recombinant DNA DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
Replication The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.
Semi-conservative replication The normal process of DNA synthesis, in which the two original strands of the molecule separate, and each acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is laid down.
Anti-codon a unit made up of three nucleotides that correspond to the three bases of the codon on the mRNA. Each tRNA contains a specific anticodon triplet sequence that can base-pair to one or more codons for an amino acid.
Codon a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
DNA sequence (genetic code) the order of nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule.
Elongation in protein synthesis, cyclic process of growth of a polypeptide chain from mRNA attached to ribosomes. Requires mRNA, ribosomes.
Environmental mutagen Any agent that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation.Any factor that is responsible from an increase in the frequency of mutations of an organism.
Genetic disorder A disease or condition caused by an absent or defective gene
Initiation Starting point of replication or translation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein. In the early stages of protein synthesis, the mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template during transcription.
Mutation heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome.
Termination stop of mRNA synthesis
Transcription the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) any of a class of small, cloverleaf forms of RNA that transfer unattached amino acids in the cell cytoplasm to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Translation A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Created by: Smorrison
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