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Science 3.5-3.10
Different kinds of Rocks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rock | the hard material that composes the earth's crust |
| minerals | individual substances that make up rocks |
| igneous rock | it forms when molten rock solidfies |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that is formed at the earths surface |
| intrusive igneous rocks | magma that cools off underground that forms in to rocks |
| granite | a strong, light-coloured rock that contians mineral crystals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica |
| sedimentary rock | rock that is formed from sediments that have been pressed together into a solid rock |
| sandstone | a rough, crumbly rock which consists of paricles of quartz sand that have been fused together into a rock |
| shale | formed from mud or clay that consists of smaller particles than sand |
| fossil | any trace left in a rock by plant or animal |
| metamorphism | the change of a rock into a new type of rock-called metamorphic rocks |
| foliated rocks | are rocks made up of layers like the leaves or pages of a book |
| unfoliated rocks | cannot be split into thin layers |
| gemstones | small deposites of igneous and metemorphic crystals |
| precious stones | the rarest and most durable |
| diamond | the hardest of all known minerals |
| semiprecious stones | gems that are not as rare |
| ore | any rock containing a metal together with impurites |
| gold | has been valued by man scince earliest times |
| copper | a reddish metal |
| fossil fuel | fossilized remains of plants |
| anthracite coal | a hard, shiny, black coal that is the most expensive to mine |
| bituminous coal | the most common type of coal; soft coal |
| sub-bituminous coal | the second most common type of coal |
| lignite coal | the poorest quality of coal; also called brown coal |
| petroleum | a fossil fuel that may have been formed from the remains of once living creatures |
| hydrocarbons | a chemical substance made of hydrogen and carbon |
| cave | is any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to fit in |
| speleology | the study of caves |
| caverns | very large caves |
| sea cave | when oceans beat upon a area of a cliff that erodes into a cave |
| lava cave | when lava leaves behind a underground chamber |
| solution cave | formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water |
| calcium carbonate | a calcium compound that is the chief ingredient in seashells, limestone, and concrete |
| soda straws | thin hollow tubes that hang from the ceiling |
| stalactite | rock that hangs from the ceiling of the cave |
| stalagmites | rock that sticks up from the ground |
| draperies | a thin, wavey sheet of hanging rock |
| flowstone | when water flows over broad areas of the wall of floor of a cave |
| moon milk | a soft paste |
| cave pearls | layers of mineral build up around a grain of sand |
| trogloxenes | cave guests; visit caves but have to leave |
| troglophiles | live there entire lives in caves; can live anywhere |
| troglobites | only live in caves |
| magnetism | the force that pulls magnets apart or together |
| magnetic field | the area surrounding the magnet |
| poles | the 2 ends of a magnet |
| electromagnet | a magnet that is hooked to a battery |
| magnetosphere | the region of space affected by the earth's magnetic field |
| speleologist | scientist who study caves |
| obsidian | shiny, black rock that resembles glass |
| pumice | a lightweight extrusive igneous rock made from gas-filled lava |
| basalt | an extrusive igneous rock formed from thin, runny lava that often solidfies in vast mounds or sheets |
| mechanical sediment | a type of sediment formed when rock is physically broken down and carried away by the mechanisms of nature |
| conglomerate | a type of sedimentary rock that consists of rounded pebbles embedded in hardend sand or clay |
| breccia | a type of sedimentary rock that consists of sharp-edged pebble embedded in hardend sand or clay |
| chemical sediments | a type of sediment formed when minerals in a rock are dissolved by wate and carried elsewhere, where they may later crystallize or settle out of the solution |
| halite | a type of sedimentary rock formed by chemical sediments that is used in making chemicals, tanning leather, and salting roads |
| gypsum | a type of sedimentary rock formed by chemical sediments that is used in cconstruction materials such as plaster of Paris and plasterboard |
| organic sediments | sediments that consist of dead plants, shells, or anmal skeletons |
| chalk | an organic sedimentary rock fromed from the cemented skeletons of microscope sea animals; formerly used in classrooms to write on chalkboards |
| limestone | the most common type of organic sedimentary rock, made from calcium carbonate |
| coal | a useful fossil fuel, commonly found in sedimentary rock, that comes from decayed plants and is used for heating, industrial purposes, and generating electricity |
| slate | a foliated metamorphic rock derived from shale that is weather resistant and waterproof |
| marble | an unfoliated metamorphic rock that was once limestone but was hardened by extreme heat and pressure within the earth |
| ruby | a transparent red precious stone that is a variety of the mineral corndum |
| sapphire | a transparent precious stone that is a variety of the mineral corundum; may be blue, yellow, orange, or purple |
| emerald | a green precious stone that is the form of the mineral beryl |
| platinum | a precious metal that is more expensive than gold because of it's rarity and many uses |
| silver | a precious metal that is primarily mined for industrial and technical applications |
| iron | a practical metal that is strong and abundantly available; the most common used metal |
| steel | an alloy of iron and carbon that makes up most iron products |
| brass | a metal made from copper and zinc |
| bronze | a metal made from copper and tin |
| aluminum | a lightweight, silver-coloured meal that is an important substitute for steel and copper; the most widespread metal in the earths crust |
| surface mining | a method of mining a deposit of coal or minerals by removing the overlying rock; used only for deposits near the earth's surface |
| overburden | layers of rock and soil that lie on top of a coal bed and must be stripped away to expose the coal |
| underground mining | a methos of mining underground coal or mineral deposits by digging a tunnel down to the deposits |
| crude oil | petroleum at it's natural form |
| fractios | different groups of hydrocarbons seperated by a process called fractional distillation |
| column | a cave fromation that occurs when a stalagmite grows tall enough to reach the ceiling of a cave or joins |
Created by:
ryleerule
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