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Cell transport LM

Cell transport BIO 12

TermDefinition
Active Transport The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Carrier Protein Carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules.
Cell Membrane The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Channel Protein A protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.
Concentration Gradient A measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another.
Diffusion The intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles.
Endocytosis A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.
Exocytosis When materials leave the cell by exiting through the membrane.
Facilitated Transport The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model A model that describes the structure of cell membranes. In this model, a flexible layer made of lipid molecules is interspersed with large protein molecules that act as channels through which other molecules enter and leave the cell.
Glycolipid Lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes.
Glycoprotein Any of a group of cellular macromolecules that are made up of proteins bonded to one or more carbohydrate chains.
Hydrophilic Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
Hydrophonic Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.
Hyperotonic Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
Isotonic Denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid.
Osmosis A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
Passive Transport The diffusion of substances across a membrane. As we stated above, this is a spontaneous process and cellular energy is not expended. Molecules will move from where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated.
Phagocytosis The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.
Phospholipid A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
Phospholipid Bilayer A two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward.
Pinocytosis The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
Pressure Gradient From higher pressure to lower pressure of fluids in cell.
Selectively Permeable A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell.
Tonicity A measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
carbohydrates any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.
protein any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle.
surface are to volume ratio is the amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or collection of objects.
Created by: LMKay
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