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6th Grade 7, 8, 9
Volcanoes and Earth Quakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tectonic Plates | Block of crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. |
| Lithosphere | solid, outer layer of the earth that consist of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| Asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates moves |
| Inner Core | the solid, dense center of earth composed of nickel and iron |
| Outer core | the liquid layer of the Earth below the mantle composed of nickel and iron |
| Crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| Mantle | the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core |
| Pangaea | all of the present continents once joined in a single, huge continent (wegener) |
| Sea Floor Spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid ocean ridge. |
| Continental Drift | the hypothesis that a single large land mass broke up into smaller land masses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations; the movement of continents. |
| Convection | hot rock from deep within the Earth rises, but cooler rock near the surface sinks; causes the movement of lithospheric plates |
| Plate Boundary (Convergent) | two tectonic plates collide |
| Plate Boundary (Divergent) | two tectonic plates separate |
| Plate Boundary (Transform) | two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally |
| Stress (Compression) | squeezing stress found at convergent boundaries |
| Stress (Tension) | stretching stress found at divergent boundaries |
| Stress (Shearing) | stress that produces cutting rather than stretching or squeezing |
| Subduction | when old ocean crust gets pushed into the atmosphere where it is melted and recycled; this creates most volcanoes; it occurs at convergent boundaries |
| What are hot spots? | A volcanically active area of Earth's surface away from plate boundaries. |
| Describe the thickness, temperature, and composition of each of earth's layers? | Crust (thinnest layer; 0-1,000°; oxygen, silicon, & aluminum) Mantle (second thickest layer {most mass}; 1,000-3,700°; more magnesium) Core (thickest layer {most dense}; 3,700-7,000°; iron and nickel) |
| Explain how and why tectonic plates move | Tectonic (lithospheric) plates move because they float on the mantle. The asthenosphere is the “plastic” upper part of the mantle. This layer is solid but flows like a liquid. Since tectonic plates rest on the asthenosphere, they move around. The movement |
| What convection currents? How do they move plates? | The cycle of hot rock in the mantle from deep within the earth rising and cooler rock near the surface sinking; this moves tectonic plates because plates "float" on the mantle. |
| What are the layers of the Earth in order? | Crust, mantle (lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere), outer core, and inner core. |
| Where is the asthenosphere? | The soft layer of the upper mantle on which plates move; made of solid rock that flows very slowly. |
| How do volcanoes form? | 80% of volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries and 15% form at divergent plate boundaries. Most volcanoes are created at subduction zones when oceanic crust slides underneath continental plates. Some volcanoes are created at hot spots; other volcano |
| What causes Earth Quakes? | Earth quakes occur near faults. Most faults are located at tectonic plate boundaries. When stress builds up near at a fault, it causes the rocks to deform and the release of energy is the Earth Quake. |
| What is the relationship between Earth Quakes and Volcanoes? | Most Earth Quakes and Volcanoes occur at places where tectonic plates touch. Earth Quakes and Volcanoes can occur at all three types of plate boundaries. (Convergent, Divergent and Transform) |
| Explain how the sea floor spreads and the evidence that supports sea floor spreading? | As tectonic plates move away from each other, the sea floor spreads and magma fills the gap. Evidence comes from magnetic reversals (as indicated by mineral grains on the ocean floor) |
Created by:
gjenkins2
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