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Bio12 DNA

SLS Bio 12 DNA (R.L.)

TermDefinition
Complementary base pairing Each nitrogenous base only pair up and form hydrogen bonds in specific pairings. Adenine only pairs with thymine, cytosine only pairs with guanine.
DNA Helicase The enzyme that breaks the H-bonds holding the DNA strands together. DNA helicase effectively unravels DNA making replication possible.
DNA Polymerase The enzyme that catalyzes the combining of DNA nucleotides into a DNA polymer during replication.
Recombinant DNA A segment of DNA that is constructed out of DNA from two sources.
Replication The process during which DNA makes a copy of itself.
Semi-Conservative replication Each DNA strand produced by replication has one old parental strand, and one newly formed strand.
Anti-codon A triplet of nucleotides on tRNA. Each has a complimentary codon on mRNA. Correct alignment of these triplets is required for protein synthesis.
Codon A set of three nucleotides of mRNA. There are 64 different codons.
DNA Sequence (Genetic Code) Refers to the sequence of bases in DNA. This sequence ultimately determines which amino acids will be incorporated into a protein at a ribosome during translation.
Elongation The second of three stages of translation. Elongation refers to the sequential addition of amino acids to the growing peptide.
Environmental Mutagen A feature in the environment that can affect the ability of DNA to replicate properly and therefore allow cells to divide properly. It is known that both radiation and some chemicals are environmental mutagens.
Genetic Disorder A condition brought on by a genetic mutation.
Initiation First stage of translation. Starts with the formation of a complete ribosome out of the two subunits over the codon AUG, which is recognized as the start codon.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) The single stranded nucleotide polymer that is made by transcription from a segment of DNA know as gene. mRNA carries the genetic information required for the synthesis of a specific protein form the nucleus to the ribosomes where translation occurs.
Mutation A change in the genetic structure of a chromosome.Mutations are either chromosome mutations or gene mutations.
Termination Final step of translation when a protein chain is ended. Termination involves the use of one of three terminator codons.
Transcription First of two process that synthesizes protein in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Transports the amino acids to the ribosomes for the process of translation.
Translation Second of two process that synthesizes protein.Three steps of translation are, initiation, elongation, termination.
Created by: rickli1
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