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Biology Unit 5 Vocab

Unit 5 vocab

TermDefinition
Allele Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs in a specific place on a chromosome
Autosome Chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism
Cross Mating of two organisms
Crossing Over Exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Di-hybrid cross Cross, or mating of two organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
Diploid Cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm
Dominant Allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism's genotype
Egg Female Gamete
Fertilization Fusion of an egg and sperm cell
Gamete Sex cell; and egg or a sperm cell
Gametogenesis Process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other changes
Genetic linkage Tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together
Genetic Study of the heredity patterns and variations of organisms
Genome All of an organisms genetic material
Genotype Collection of all an organism's genetic info that codes for traits
Haploid Cell that has only one copy of each chromosome
Heterozygous Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids
Law of independent assortment Mendel's second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation
Meiosis Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells
Monohybrid cross Mating between two organisms that involves one pair of contrasting traits
Phenotype Collection of all of organism's physical characteristics
Polar Body Haploid cell produced during meiosis in the female in many species; these cells have little more than DNA and usually disintegration
Probability Likelihood that a particular event will happen
Punnet square Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross
Purebred Type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform
Recessive Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism's genotype
Sex chromosome Chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics
Sexual Reproduction Process of which two gametes fuse offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents are produced
Sperm Male gamete
Somatic Cell Cell that makes up all of the body issues and organs, except gametes
Testcross Cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and and organism with a recessive phenotype
Trait Characteristic that is inherited
Created by: Meloisoverrated
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