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BIO12ProteinSynthesi
BIO 12 Protein Synthesis JB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complementary Base Pairing | Either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA: guanine is the complementary base of cytosine, and adenine is the complementary base of thymine in DNA and of uracil in RNA. |
| DNA Helicase | enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. There are DNA and RNA helicases. Essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. |
| DNA Polymerase | A type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules. Nucleic acids are polymers, which are large molecules made up of smaller, repeating units that are chemically connected to one another. |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms. |
| Replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA. |
| Semi-Conservative Replication | Two copies of DNA that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand. |
| Anti-Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
| Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
| DNA Sequence (Genetic Code) | The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA. |
| Elongation | The lengthening of something. |
| Environmental Mutagen | A physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. |
| Genetic Disorder | An illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital). Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions. |
| Initiation | Starting point of replication or translation in macromolecule biosynthesis. |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | The form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome. |
| Mutation | The changing of the structure of a gene, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes. |
| Termination | The stop of mRNA synthesis. |
| Transciption | The process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
| Translation | The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. |
Created by:
jbergvinson
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