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Botany Unit 2
Botany Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weed | A plant growing where it is not wanted. |
| Crop | A plant that is raised for the production of food and/or fiber for people or animals. |
| Botany | The study of plants |
| Paleozoic Era | More than 500 million years ago |
| Ordovician Period | 505-438 million years ago |
| Angiosperms | The flowering plants |
| Cretaceous Period | About 355 million years ago |
| Vascular | Structural support, water conduction |
| Phloem | Food conduction. Roots, stems, and leaves |
| Nonvascular | Mosses, no more than 1 or 2 inches tall. No special tissues like xylem and phloem. |
| Cell Wall | Protects, structurally supports cells |
| Chloroplast | Specializes in photosynthesis |
| Central Vacuole | Increases cell surface area, stores metabolic wastes |
| Nucleus | Keeps DNA and its transcription into RNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm |
| Nuclear Envelope | PART OF NUCLEUS- double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | PART OR NUCLEUS- a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus, where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled |
| DNA in Nucleoplasm | PART OF NUCLEUS- Chromatin: holds hereditary material |
| Ribosomes | Attached to rough ER and free in cytoplasm sites of protein synthesis |
| Rough ER | Modifies new polypeptide chains; synthesized lipids |
| Smooth ER | Diverse roles; e.g. makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts and ships proteins and lipids for exports or for insertion into cell membranes |
| Lysosome- Like Vesicle | Digests, recycles materials |
| Plasma Membrane | Selectively controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of the cell; helps maintain cytoplasmic volume and composition |
| Plasmodesmata | Communicates junction between adjoining cells |
| Mitochondrion | Energy power-house produces many ATP or aerobic respiration |
| Cytoskeleton | Structurally supports, impacts shape and moves cell and its componants |
| Microtubules | PART OF CYTOSKELETON- Hollow tubes of protein that support the cell and moves organelles within the cell |
| Micofilaments | PART OF CYTOSKELETON- Protein fibers that help the cell contract and move |
| Intermediate Filaments | PART OF CYTOSKELETON- Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |
| Tonoplast | Holds vacuole together |
| Peroxisome | Where hydrogen peroxide and other harmful molecules are broken down by enzymes |
| Alternate | Leaf arrangement, one leaf at each node of the stem |
| Annual | A plant whose life duration is a year or less. |
| Awn | A bristle-like tip: most frequently used with respect to bristle or hair like projections from glumes, lemmas, or paleas of grass spikelets. |
| Berry | A fleshy, several-seeded fruit. |
| Biennial | A plant whose life is two years. |
| Bulb | An underground perennial, storage organ consisting of a stem axis and numerous, overlapping leaf scales. |
| Capillary | Thread-like. A small tube that helps draw water. |
| Compound (leaf) | A leaf whose blade is divided into two or more distinct leaflets. |
| Dissected (leaf) | A leaf whose blade is cut into numerous, narrow lobes. |
| Entire | The margin of a leaf which is untoothed. |
| Fibrous Roots | A root system, as in grasses, compound of numerous, separate roots rather than one main root. |
| Infloresence | A cluster of flowers, or the flower-bearing portion or portions of a plant. |
| Internode | Portion of a stem between nodes. |
| Irregular | A flower with petals which differ in size. Example: Flowers of the legume family. |
| Leaflet | A secondary division of a compound leaf. |
| Margin | Edge of a leaf. |
| Node | The part of the stem from which leaves and branches arise. |
| Opposite (leaves) | The leaves paired at each node. |
| Palmately Compound | A compound leaf in which the leaflets all arise from the same point |
Created by:
bcjosoff
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