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ch. 10 study guide
mechanical and chemical weathering
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering? 10-1 | The difference between chemical and mechanical weathering is that mechanical weathering is the break down of rock into smaller pieces by physical means. Chemical weathering is the process by which rocks break down as a a result of chemical reactions. |
| 2. 2. Describe the weathering processes of each chemical weathering agent 10-1 | The agents of chemical weathering are water weak acids, and air. -water dissolves and breaks down surfaces. -weak acids like acid precipitation cause rapid weathering of rock -air, like burned fossil fuels can cause air pollution |
| 3. Describe the weathering processes of each mechanical weathering agent. 10-1 | Agents of chemical weathering, ice, wind water, gravity, plants and animals. -ice can cause ice wedging -wind can blow sediments -water shapes and tumbles rock -gravity can cause rock slides -plant roots can crack rocks -animals can create burrows |
| 4. What is the most important and most common agent of chemical weathering? Why do you think? 10-1 | the most common agent for chemical weathering is water because it's also the other agents. This is because, water is in different states of matter which is air, gas, and liquid. Also, water is always needed to cause chemical weathering. |
| 5. What is the difference between weathering, abrasion, erosion, and deposition? 10-1 | abrasion is the grinding and wearing away of of rock surfaces. weathering is when rock materials are broken down by chemical and mechanical weathering. erosion is the wearing away of rock material.deposition is the process in which material is laid down. |
| 6. What are the two most important factors in determining the rate of weathering? 10-2 | differential weathering and definite weathering |
| 7. How do hotter temperatures and wet climates affect the rate of weathering? 10-2 | the more often temps. cause freezing and thawing, the more ice wedging takes place. |
| 8. What are the horizons of a soil profile? What letter represents each horizon? What is found in each horizon? 10-3 | A-contains the most humus out of the other horizons O-made up of litter from dead plants and animals E- experiences intense leaching of nutrients B-collects dissolved items and nutrients deposited from horizon's above |
| 9. What layer of soil would you find the most humus? 10-3 | top soil or horizon layer A |
| 10. Which horizon does soil formation begin? 10-3 | horizon layer R |
| 11. List some examples of decomposers and explain why they are important for soil? 10-3 | decomposers such as, bacteria, fungi, and worms are important for the soil because the remains of dead plants and animals are broken down into nutrients |
| 12. Which soil horizon layer forms last? 10-3 | horizon layer A |
| 13. What is humus? 10-3 | humus- organic material formed in soil from the decayed plants and animals |
| 14. What is soil? 10-3 | soil- a loose mixture of small fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation |
| 15. Which horizon is called the parent material? 10-3 | horizon layer C |
| 16. What does it mean if soil is fertile? (10-3) | if you had soil that is fertile, that means the soil has nutrients, like iron and is a great type of soil for growing crops. |
| 17. Compare the particle sizes of sand, clay, and silt. 10-3 | clay particles are the smallest out of the three. clay is less than 0.002mm. the seconded smallest is silt, which is less than 0.05mm and more than 0.002mm. sand is lessthan 2mm and more than 0.05mm |
| 18. Why is it good to have permeable soil or rocks? | it is great to have permeable soil and rocks because it has the ability of water to move through the soil |
| 19. Define soil conservation. 10-4 | soil conservation- a method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion and nutrient loss |
| 20. What are the 5 soil conservation techniques? Describe how each is used to conserve soil. Basic info. 10-4 | contour plowing- prevents erosion protects soil from losing nutrients terracing- prevents erosion from heavy rain on steep hills no till-prevents erosion by providing cover that reduces water runoff cover crops- prevents erosion and restores nutrients |
| 8.(continued) | C-partially weathered bedrock R-made of bedrock |
Created by:
Sneha Santhosh
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