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Bio- Chapter 2
Test- Friday, November 7th, 2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all life has the ability to __________ & ___________. | absorb energy from the environment and convert it to other forms |
| what are the characteristics of life? | ingestion, excretion, reproduction, response to stimuli, growth/development, structural organization |
| in what form do organic molecules store chemical energy? | C (carbon) |
| free energy= | amount of energy usable for work |
| what are the different types of work? | transport, mechanical & chemical |
| transport work | moves nutrients |
| mechanical work | structural movement- muscles, flagella |
| chemical work | break up large molecule |
| what is the 1st law of bioenergetics? | thermodynamics- conversion of energy between heat and others. energy can neither be created nor destroyed- total remains constant |
| endothermic | heat energy absorbed (photosynthesis) |
| laws of bioenergetics | energy flow and change |
| exothermic | energy released (respiration) |
| what is the 2nd law of bioenergetics? | entropy- nature tends toward disorder, amount of free energy decreases with each conversion by loss of heat to the environment |
| arenwarm blooded animals endothermic or exothermic? | endothermic |
| all biochemical reactions in an organism | metabolism |
| metabolism balances bewteen synthesis (_______) and breakdown (________) reactions | anabolic, catabolic |
| chemical reactions that use small molecules-monomers to build complex molecules (polymers) | anabolism |
| uses energy | anabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: amino acids building proteins | anabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: monosaccharides building bigger carbohydrates | anabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: CO2 + H2O builds glucose + O2= photosynthesis | anabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism:nucleotides building DNA + RNA | anabolism |
| degradation reactions | catabolism |
| breaks down large molecules into small molecules | catabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: proteins are broken down by proteases into a.a. | catabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: muscles cells break down clycogen into glucose | catabloism |
| anabolism or catabolism: cellular respiration degrades C6H12O6+O2 into H2O + CO2 | catabolism |
| anabolism or catabolism: hydrolysis- degrades carbohydrates | catabolism |
| ATP->ADP | gives energy |
| ADP-> ATP | when chemical energy is added |
| ___ acts as energy carrier by forming and being used rapidly | ATP |
| ___ is the link as anabolism and catabolism cycle | ATP |
| ___ energy is the "currency" used | ATP |
| _________ reactions provide the ATP energy that most _______ reactions require | catabolic, anabolic |
| most chemical energy is lost as "_____ ____." | waste heat |
| what is "waste heat?" | not wasted, essential in maintaining a constant body temperature |
| proteins that lower activation energy to speed reactions; don't get used up when catalyzing reactions; are specific to substrate enzymes, fit their substrates like a lock + key or can change slightly to fit | enzymes |
| examples of enzymes (2) | lactose-lactase |
| enzymes speed up specific reactions in (both/1) direction(s) | both |
| enzymes end in "___" | "ase" |
| enzymes ____ and _____ must be within certain limits | temp and pH |
| uses water and enzymes to break starch into disaccharide maltose to monosachharide glucose to cells via the bloodstream in humans | digestion |
| ________ and _____ get broken down to their building blocks bia pepsin and lipase, respectively | proteins and fats |
| nutrients are absorbed by the _____ of the small intestine | villi |
| unused materials that are undigested are exerted in the _____ | feces |
| step 1 of the digestive system: | epiglottis protects the trachea and allows food to pass to the esophagus |
| step 2 of the digestive system: | peristalsis causes food to move through the gastrointestinal tract |
| step 3 of the digestive system: | pancreas secrets juices that raise the pH of the small intestine |
| step 4 of the digestive system: | carbohydrates and other foods are completely digested in the small intestine, but protein digestion begins in the stomach. once digested theyre absorbed through the villi to produce ATP for cell use |
| step 5 of the digestive system: | large intestine removes water from food and absorbs it back into the body |
Created by:
bridge656
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