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ES 08.1 Volcanism
Terms associated with volcanism and volcanoes.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plate boundary LEAST likely to be associated with a volcano | transform (slip strike) |
| to nearest 10, how many volcanoes are erupting at any moment? | 20 |
| describes all processes that emit magma, hot fluids, ash and gases | volcanism |
| most land based volcanoes occur along this type of plate boundary | convergent |
| common name for the Circum-Pacific volcano belt | Ring of Fire |
| 2/3 of all volcanism occurs underwater along this plate boundary type | mid-ocean ridge (oceanic-oceanic divergent) |
| new ocean floor is often made of this lumpy lava extrusion | pillow lava |
| located far from a plate boundary, it is an area where very hot magma rises and melts through the crust, often forming a chain of volcanoes | hot spot |
| world's most active volcano, and location | Kilauea, Hawaii |
| when a hot spot occurs under a continent, fissure volcanoes often produce this extensive area of extruded, dark lava | flood basalt |
| location of the Daccan Traps flood basalt which may have affected global climate 65 mya | India |
| reservoir of molten rock that supplies a volcano | magma chamber |
| tubelike passage that transports magma through a volcano to the surface | conduit |
| opening that lets lava emerge from a volcano | vent |
| small depression that typically surrounds the vent of a volcano | crater |
| very large depression around a volcano vent formed if a magma chamber empties and collapses in on itself | caldera |
| the mountain-like structure formed by a volcano over time | cone |
| largest volcano type, gently sloping, often circular, nonexplosive | shield volcano |
| generally a smaller, steep-sided volcano formed from pyroclasts, often produced during explosive eruptions | cinder cone |
| scoria, ash, cinders...any small pieces of lava produced by a volcano | pyroclasts |
| formed from alternating layers of ash and hardened lava, this medium to large volcano type often is a cone with concave sides | stratovolcano (composite cone) |
| stratovolcano in Washington state that erupted in 1980, and included the largest land slide in recorded history | Mount St. Helens |
| generic name for any intrusive igneous rock body | pluton |
| granite pluton that is both huge and irregularly shaped (Sierra Nevada is one example) | batholith |
| lens-shaped magma pluton that forms under bowed up rock layers | laccolith |
| an intrusive pluton that may be thin or thick and runs parallel to existing rock layers | sill |
| an intrusive pluton that may be thin or thick and runs perpendicular to existing rock layers | dike |
Created by:
goakley
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