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Rocks and Minerals
General Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a mineral? | naturally occuring, inorganic (not living) solids that have a definite chemical composition and crystal structure |
| naturally occuring | can't be man-made; made by nature |
| inorganic | not living - not formed from living things or their remains |
| solid | has definite shape and volume |
| definite chemical composition | either a single substance or combination of elements |
| crystal structure | atoms arranged in a definite pattern - repeated over and over (like patches on a soccer ball |
| 8 ways to identify minerals | color; luster; hardness; streak; density; crystal shape; cleavage; fracture |
| hardness | ability of mineral to resist being scratched |
| streak | color of a mineral in powder form (more reliable than color) |
| density | the amount of matter in a given amount of space |
| cleavage | tendancy to split along flat surfaces |
| fracture | tendancy of a mineral to break with rough or jagged surfaces (like a fractured bone) |
| luster | way a mineral reflects light (metallic or nonmetallic) |
| special mineral properties | taste; smell; reaction to hydrochloric acid; reaction to UV light; |
| Moh's Hardness Scale | characterizes the scratch resistance1=anything harder can scratch it; 10=nothing can scratch it |
| 1 | talc |
| 2 | gypsum |
| 3 | calcite |
| 4 | fluorite |
| 5 | apatite |
| 6 | feldspar |
| 7 | quartz |
| 8 | topaz |
| 9 | corundum |
| 10 | diamond |
| 1. How minerals form | 1. cooling magma (lava) |
| fast cooling magma | small crystals |
| slow cooling magma | very large crystals |
| 2. How minerals form | 2 elements dissolved in a liquid-liquid evaporates, elements stay behind and may form minerals |
| rock | one or more mineral |
| igneous rock (ignite) | when molten lava cools and hardens |
| sedimentary (sediments) | formed from particles that have been carried along and deposited (dropped) by rivers/streams/wind |
| metamorphic (mighty morphin power rangers) | formed when chemical reactions change existing rock into new knds of rocks; pressure, heat and water can all melt and change rock |
| The Rock Cycle | continuous chaning of rocks from one kind to another over long periods of time |
| Uplift | all things are pushed up to the surface of the earth by natural earth processes (earthquakes, volcanoes,...) |
Created by:
weavergina
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