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Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Earthquake Shaking and/or vibrating of the earth
Crust The outer layer of the Earth's lithosphere.
Fault The space between tectonic plates.
Mantle The middle layer of the Earth's lithosphere.
Lithosphere The rigid outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Tectonic Plates The outer most layer of the lithosphere that is broken up into seven major plates, or chunks.
Seismologist A person who studies earthquakes.
Wave Move to and fro with a swaying or undulating motion while remaining fixed to one point.
P-wave Seismic waves that expand and contract the ground. Fastest seismic wave.
Surface wave A seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth. The slowest seismic wave.
Focus The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an Earthquake.
Epicenter The point on the surface directly above the focus.
Seismic waves Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an Earthquake.
Magnitude A number geologist assign to an Earthquake based on the Earthquakes strength.
Tsunami The water displaced by a strong earthquake on the ocean floor a large wave.
Liquefaction Occurs when an earthquakes violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud.
Aftershock An earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake centered in the same place.
Base Isolators A rubber pad or spring that separates the building from its foundation.
Shear Core Walls A structural system composed of braced (shear) panels.
Cross Bracing Beams that are crossed between each story of a building.
Mass Damper/Damper Working like shock absorbers in a car, these absorb the energy from an earthquake.
Flexible Pipe Pipes with flexible joints that allow energy to pass through them.
Tension Ties Devices that connect the floors and ceiling to the walls.
Stress A force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume.
Tension Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.
Compression Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
Strike-slip fault A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up and down motion.
Normal fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust.
Reverse fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
Anticline An upward fold in rock formed by compression of the earth's crust.
Syncline A downward fold in rock formed by compression in earth's crust.
Plateau A land form that has high elevation and a level surface.
Hanging wall The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
Footwall The block of pf rock that forms the lower half of a fault
Shearing Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement.
Mercalli scale A scale that measures the intensity of an Earthquake.
Richter scale A scale that measures the magnitude of an Earthquake.
Inner core The center of the earth, made of solid iron and nickel. *Under tons of pressure.
Outer core The layer surrounding the inner core, made of liquid iron and nickel.. *Under tons of pressure.
Basalt A rock that makes up much of the ocean floor.
Asthenosphere A soft layer of rock in the mantle.
Crust The outer, rigid rind of rock.
Granite A rock that makes up the core of the continents.
Pressure The force pushing on a surface or area.
Seismic wave A wave produced by an earthquake.
Lithosphere (2) The uppermost part of the mantle. (plus crust)
Oceanic crust A layer of mostly basalt covering the ocean floor.
Continental crust A layer of mostly granite that most land sits atop, creating the base of the continents.
Divergent boundary A place in the earths crust where two plates move away from each other.
Convergent Boundary A place in the earths crust where two plates move together.
Transform boundary A place in the earths crust where two plates slide
Subduction zone A place in the earths crust where a plate slide under another due to conversion.
Created by: 1963181268
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