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Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earhquake | The shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. |
| Crust | Outer layer of the Earth. |
| Fault | The cracks in the tectonic plates. |
| Mantle | Portion of the Earth, about 1800 miles thick, between the crust and core. |
| Lithosphere | Solid portion of the Earth. |
| Lithospheric Plate | Earth's crust and upper mantle. |
| Seismologist | Science or study of earthquakes. |
| S-wave | Vibrate from side to side and up and down. |
| P-wave | Compress and expand the ground like an accordion. |
| Surface wave | When P and S waves reach the surface. |
| Focus | Point beneath Earth's surface where rock under stress breaks to cause an earthquake. |
| Epicenter | Point on the surface directly above the focus. |
| Seismic waves | A wave of energy generated by an earthquake. |
| Magnitude | A number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's strength. |
| Tsunami | Large ocean waves usually caused by strong earthquakes below ocean floor. |
| Liquefacation | Process in which an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud. |
| Aftershock | An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. |
| Base Isolaters | A pad that isolates a building from its foundation and prevents some of the earthquakes energy from entering the building. |
| Shear Core Walls | Transfers some of a quakes energy from roofs and floors to the buildings foundation. |
| Cross Bracing | Placed between stories to stiffen a buildings frame and absorb energy during an earthquake. |
| Mass Damper/Damper | Work like the shock absorbers in a car to absorb some of the energy of seismic waves. |
| Flexible Pipe | Bend as energy pass through them, greatly reducing earthquake damage. |
| Stress | Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| Tension | Stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| Compression | One plate pushing against another. |
| Strike-slip fault | There is little up-or-down motion. |
| Normal fault | The hanging wall slips downward below the foot wall. |
| Reverse fault | The hanging wall slides up and over the foot wall. |
| Anticline | A fold in the rock that moves upward. |
| Syncline | A fold in the rock that bends downward. |
| Plateau | Land form that has high elevation above sea level. |
| Hanging wall | Rock that lies above in a normal fault. |
| Footwall | Rock that lies below in a normal fault. |
| Shearing | Pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions. |
| Mercalli Scale | A measure of earthquake intensity with 12 divisions. |
| Richter Scale | A scale fore indicating the intensity of an earthquake. |
| Inner Core | The inner most part of the core. |
| Outer Core | The layer made up of liquid iron and nickel. |
| Basalt | A rock that makes up much of the ocean floor. |
| Granite | A rock that makes up the core of the continents. |
| Asthenosphere | Soft layer just below the lithosphere. |
| Continental Crust | |
| Oceanic Crust | |
| Divergent Boundry | When two plates move apart to divide. |
| Convergent Boundry | When two plates move together to crash. |
| Transform Boundry | When two plates grind past each other. |
| Subduction Zone |
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