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Earthqukes

Science

TermDefinition
Earhquake The shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Crust The outer layer of the earth.
fault Cracks in the tectonic plates.
mantle The portion of the earth between the crust and the core.
lithosphere The solid portion of the earth.
lithospheric plate The dozen plates that make up the Earth's surface.
Seismoligists a scientist who studies earthquakes.
S-Wave A transverse earthquake wave that moves from side to side.
P-wave A longitudinal earthquake wave that bounces up and down.
Surface Wave A seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earths surface.
Focus The point of origin of an earthquake.
Epicenter A point directly above the true center of disturbance,from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently radiate.
Seismic Waves A wave of energy that is generated by an earthquake or other earth vibrations that travel within the earth or along its surface.
magnitude A measure of the size of an earthquake based on the quantity of energy released.
Tsunami An unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption.
Liquefaction The process by which sediment that is very wet starts to behave like a liquid.
aftershock A small earthquake or tremor after a major earthquake.
Base Isolators A pad that isolates a building from its foundation and prevents some of the earthquakes energy from entering the building.
Shear Core Walls Transfers some of the earthquakes energy from roofs and floors to the building foundation.
Cross Bracing Placed between stories to stiffen a buildings frame and absorb energy during an earthquake.
Mass Dampers Absorb some of the energy from seismic waves
Flexible Piping Bend as energy pass through them, greatly reducing earthquake damage.
Tension Ties Devices firmly tied the floors and ceilings of a building to the wall.They absorb and scatter earthquake energy and thus reduce damage.
Stress The force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
Tension A type of Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.
Compression A type of Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
Strike-Slip Fault A type of fault where rocks on either side move each other sideways with little up or down motion.
Normal Fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward caused by tension in the crust.
Reverse Fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward caused by compression in the crust.
Anticlyne An upward fold in rock formed by compression in the earths crust.
Syncline A downward fold of stratified rock in which strata slope towards a vertical axis.
Plateau A large area of flat forces in the Earths crust push up a large flat block of rock.
Hanging Wall a mass of rock overhanging a fault plane.
Foot Wall a mass of rock hanging beneath a fault plane.
Shearing a distinct motion of two rock surfaces against each other.
Richter Scale a scale from 1 to 10 for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
Mercalli Scale A 12 point scale for expressing the intensity of an earthquake ranging from 1 to 12.
inner core a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the earth.
outer core The outer side of a core
Basalt A dark colored rock
Granite A light colored rock
Continental Crust A type of the crust
Oceanic Crust A type of Crust
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Transform boundary
Created by: 1963248172
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