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C.E 10-17 Earthquake

Science

TermDefinition
Earthquake Vibrations in the Earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of rocks along a fault.
Crust The Earth's outer layer; the coolest and least dense layer of the Earth.
Fault A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move.
Mantle The layer of earth beneath the crust. About 2300 km. thick and makes up about 83% of the Earth's interior.
Lithosphere the rigid, outermost shell of a rocky planet, and can be identified on the basis of its mechanical properties.
Tectonic Plates The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere.
Seismologist A scientist who studies earthquakes.
S-Wave Shakes buildings violently.
P-Wave Causes buildings to contract and expand.
Surface Wave Shakes buildings from side to side.
Focus The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake.
Epicenter The point on the surface above the focus.
Seismic Waves Vibrations that carry energy through the earth due to earthquakes.
Magnitude A measurement of an earthquake's strength.
Tsunami Water displaced by a strong earthquake in the ocean floor.
Liquefaction When an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose soft soil into liquid mud.
Aftershock An earthquake that occurs after a big one in the same area.
Base Isolators These pads separate, or isolate, a building from it’s foundation and prevent some of an earthquake’s energy from entering the building.
Shear Core Walls Transfers some of a quake’s energy from roofs and floors to the foundation.
Cross Bracing These are placed between stories of a building to stiffen the frame of a building.They also absorb energy during an earthquake.
Mass Damper/ Damper A device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure.
Flexible Pipe These bend as energy passes through them, greatly reducing damage.
Tension Ties These devices firmly “tie” the floors and ceilings of a building to the walls. These also absorb and scatter earthquake energy and thus reduce damage.
Stress A force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume.
Tension Pulls on the rock, stretching it.
Compression Squeezes the rock, causing it to fold or break.
Strike-Slip Fault Fault that has little up or down motion.
Normal Fault The hanging wall slides up and over the footwall.
Reverse Fault The hanging wall slides down and under the footwall
Anticline A fold in the rock that bends upward
Syncline A fold in the rock that bends downward
Plateau A large flat area of land, high above sea level
Hanging Wall The block of rock that lies above
Footwall The block of rock that hangs below
Shearing Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.
Basalt A rock that makes up much of the ocean floor
Asthenosphere A soft layer of rock in the mantle
Granite A rock that makes up the core of the continents.
Pressure The force pushing on a surface or area
Outer Core The layer made of liquid iron and nickel
Inner Core Not very dense; under extreme pressure
Mercalli Scale Measures the intensity of an earthquake
Richter Scale Measures the magnitude of an earthquake
Continental Crust Made of land on the surface
Oceanic Crust Made of the land in the sea
Created by: 1963022572
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