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Earth Science Ch. 6

Chapter 6

TermDefinition
sediment small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.
lithification the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks.
cementation process of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate out of groundwater and either a new mineral grows between the sediment grains or the same mineral grows between and over the grains.
bedding horizontal layering in sedimentary rock that can range from a few millimeters to several meters thick.
graded bedding type of bedding in which particles sizes become progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layers.
cross-bedding depositional feature of sedimentary rock that forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across a horizontal surface.
clastic sedimentary rock most common type of sedimentary rock, formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on Earth's surface; classified according to the size of their particles.
clastic rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and erosion and classified according to particle size and shape.
porosity percentage of open spaces between grains in a material.
evaporite the layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that form when concentrations of dissolved minerals in a body of water reach saturation due to the evaporation of water; crystal grains precipitate out of solution and settle to bottom.
foliated metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands.
nonfoliated metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes.
regional metamorphism process that affects large areas of Earth's crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface.
contact metamorphism local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock.
hydrothermal metamorphism occurs when very hot water reacts with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry.
rock cycle continuous, dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock.
Created by: cinthyatorres
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