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EVOLUTION
Freshman Year Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bottleneck effect | genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size, often caused by natural disaster |
| vestigial structure | a structure that has decreased in size or function; appendix, whale pelvis |
| analogous structure | a structures that have the same function, but are not evolutionarily related |
| directional selection | an example of natural selection, favors one end of a phenotypic spectrum and acts against another; ex: light brown snails were once favored but now dark brown snails have better success |
| stabilizing selection | natural selection that favors intermediate phenotypes rather than the extreme phenotypes |
| Evolution | change over time |
| Natural variation | Differences among individuals of a species |
| Artificial selection | When humans select organisms to breed |
| Adaptation | An inherited trait that increases and organism's chance of survival |
| biological species | a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring |
| mutation | a change in DNA, may cause evolution in future populations |
| camouflage | when an organism blends in with their environment |
| mimicry | when one species evolves to resemble another species and usually one is poisonous |
| fossil | evidence of evolution through rock strata, preserved organisms, and differences seen over millions of years |
| hybrid sterility | a post-zygotic barrier where offspring cannot produce functional gametes, as in mules |
| natural selection | The process by which Evolution occurs, success of populations is based on how well they can survive in their environments |
| temporal isolation | a pre-zygotic barrier that happens when organisms breed at different times |
| behavioral isolation | a pre-zygotic barrier that happens when organisms are not attracted sexually to members of another species due to traits like mating dances or calls |
| geographical isolation | a physical separation of groups within a population that may lead to speciation |
| founder effect | random change in a gene pool that happens when a small group leaves a larger group |
| disruptive selection | Natural selection that favors extreme phenotype and not average ones |
| convergent evolution | when unrelated species evolve similar traits, like a shark and a dolphin |
| homologous structure | a structure that has the same embryological origin, but different functions; examples are the arm bones of humans, birds, and bats |
| gene pool | all the genes in a population |
| gene flow | genes entering or leaving a population |
| speciation | when a species evolves into new species |
| fitness | A measure of the success of an individual based on their phenotype and how well they can survive in an environment |
| genetic drift | a random change in the gene flow |
| hardy-weinberg principle | an idea that when all 5 conditions are met Evolution will stop |
| co-evolution | When 2 species evolve together for a Mutual or Symbiotic Relationship |
| Emigration | When individuals exit or leave a population |
| immigration | When new genes/individuals come into a population |
| adaptive radiation | the emergence of many species from one common ancestor; Darwin's finches are an example |
Created by:
littlemisscaroline
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