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pharm exam #2
antidepressants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antimanics are used in the treatment of | mood disorders |
| Lithium is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of | mania |
| Lithium is an element that is similar in chemical properties | to sodium |
| Sodium is required for | conduction of nerve impulses, but lithium interferes with nerve conduction. |
| Sodium range: | 135-145 |
| lithium works to ____ the reuptake of NE and Dop. | increase |
| Lithium takes how many weeks to fully work? | 1-2 wks |
| Adequate sodium intake is necessary for proper... | urinary excretion of lith. |
| therapeutic blood levels range | 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L |
| lithium maintenance dose: | 900-1200mg/day |
| lithium drug interactions: | haldol, diuretics |
| MOOD STABILIZERS:second best choice in the treatment of mania | are anticonvulsants |
| examples of anticonvulsants: | Depakote, GABApentin, Carbamazepine |
| 3rd best choice: | Propranolol |
| Propranolol nursing considerations | do not give if pulse is below 60 |
| exogenous | reactive depression-caused by external factors death or unemployment, loss |
| endogenous | caused by internal factors. Nobody ever has. Hard to diagnose. Chemical imbalance neurotransmitters. Can last for a long time. Postpartum. Get under control. |
| What is the role of serotonin? | moods, arousal levels, appetite, sleep disturbances (endogenous depression) main one have to restore |
| role of NE? | NE- cardiovascular system, fight or flight, moods |
| Drugs that can increase the level of norepinephrine or serotonin in the brain are useful in the treatment | OF DEPRESSION |
| antidepressants take | about 2 to 4 weeks to work fully in the body. |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) | an enzyme found in most body cells.break down norepinephrine and serotonin |
| Why is this bad in relation to depression? | We need Serotonin and NE to increase |
| Tyramine can produce a massive release of NE, which can result in | hypertensive crisis or cerebral stroke. |
| Which foods must one avoid? | Ginseng, chocolate, beer, cheese, pickles, olives, wine and avocado |
| Side effects and adverse effects of MAOI: | dry mouth, urinary ret, constipation, blurred vision, hypotension, weight gain, and sex dysfunction. can produce liver damage. |
| Phenylzine (Nardil) | MAOI |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants or (TCAs) | block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. |
| anticholinergic sx: | dry mouth, constipation, urinary ret, tachycardia, and hypertension. |
| TCAs: | Nortriptyline (Aventyl) Amitriptyline (Elavil) Doxepin (Sinequan) Imipramine (Tofranil) |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | block the reuptake and inactivation of serotonin in the brain. |
| Sertraline (Zoloft) | dosage: 50-200mgPO |
| Fluoxetine (Prozac) | dosage: 20-40mgPO |
| Prozac does not mix well | anticoagulants and benzodiazepines (Xanax). |
| Prozac is also effective in the treatment | OCD |
| Side and Adverse effects of (SSRIs): | nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, anorexia, and GI disturbances. |
| Adverse effects OF SSRIs | 1) Weight loss 2) Insomnia 3) Tremors 4) Nervousness |
| Second group of SSRIs are the atypicals. | Bupropion (Wellbutrin) & Venlafaxine (Effexor) |
| atypical SSRI Duloxetine (Cymbalata) | If you have depression, diabetic neuropathy pain, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, or chronic pain, a healthcare provider may prescribe: |
| TCAs may also produce effects in | heart and liver |
| TCAs are safer comapred to... | MAOIs |
Created by:
Brittneegarza
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