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Kala Stevenson
Chapter 7 vocabulary-Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the basic unit of living organisms. |
| Compound light microscope | uses a series of lens to magnify objects steps. these microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1500 times. |
| Cell theory | made up of 3 main ideas:all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure in the organization of organisms,all cells come from preexisting cells |
| Electron microscope | uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500000 times their actual size, allowing scientists to see structures within a cell |
| Organelle | many are surrounded by membranes. each organelle has a specific function in the cell |
| Prokaryote | unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, that don't have membrane bound organelles. |
| Eukaryote | most multicellular organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells. |
| Nucleus | the central membrane bound organelle that manages or controls cellular functions. |
| Plasma membrane | the flexible boundary between the cell and its environment, to allow a steady supply of these nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are |
| Selective permeability | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. |
| Phospholipid | has a glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group |
| Fluid mosaic model | the model of the plasma membrane. it is fluid because the phospholipids move within the memebrane just as water molecules move with the currents in a lake. |
| Transport protein | move needed substances or waste material through the plasma membrane. |
| Cell wall | a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane provides additional support and proctection |
| Chromatin | strands of the genetic material, DNA |
| Nucleolus | organelle in the eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes |
| Ribosome | non membrane bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled |
| Cytoplasm | clear,gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions;in eukaryotic, it suspends the cells organelles |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of a highly folded membrane surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions; can either be rough or smooth. |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membrane;sorts and packs proteins and sends them to their appropriate destinations |
| Vacuole | membrane bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. |
| Lysosome | organelles that contain digestive enzymes;digust excess or warn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed bacteria or viruses |
| Chloroplast | chlorophyll-containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists;capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy |
| Plastid | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments |
| Chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plant and some protists that is required for photosynthesis;absorbs most wave links of light except for green. |
| Mitochondria | membrane-bound organelles in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cells |
| Cytoskeleton | support structure, forms a frame work for the cell, like skeleton that forms the frame for your body |
| Microtubule | thin,hallow cylinders made of protein. |
| Microfilament | smaller, solid protein fibers |
| Cilia | short, numerous projections that looks like hairs |
| Flagella | longer projections that move with a whip like motion. |
| Organization | The orderly structure of cells in an organism. |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge. |
Created by:
kala.stevenson
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