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Earth Structure

Science earth test

TermDefinition
Alfred Wegner He theorized that continental drift was caused by movement of tectonic plates.
Compression stress a set of stresses directed toward the center of a rock mass.
continental drift the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
convergent boundaries plate boundaries that move toward each other.
divergent boundaries plate boundaries that move away from each other.
earthquakes a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
fault a break in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of earth movement.
hot spot a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time.
island arc a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin.
normal faulting where two blocks of rock are pulled apart, caused by tension. Resulting in the hanging wall moving downward relative to the footwall.
pangaea a supercontinent believed to have existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
ring of fire where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
shearing stress when the stress component on a rock is parallel to a given surface, such as a fault plane.
stress force place on a rock to change its shape or volume.
tension stress the stress that tends to pull something apart, such as a fault plane in rock.
transform boundaries also known as conservative plate boundary since these faults neither create nor destroy lithosphere, a type of fault whose relative motion is predominately horizontal.
volcanoes a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
Created by: sharkMAH
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