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Test Terms 02
For Unit 3 Cells Test in Batterbee's class @ DHS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of materials |
| Cell Specialization | the process by which cells develop in different ways to perform certain tasks |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Cells | a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| Cell Theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from pre-existing cells |
| Nucleus | the structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| Eukaryotes | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelles | specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | layer of two membranes that surround the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| Chromosomes | thread like structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| Nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Ribosomes | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosomes | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials within the cell |
| Vacuoles | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
| Endocytosis | the process by which a cell brings material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | process in which extensions of the cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| Organ | a group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| Organ System | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| Mitochondria | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food to compounds more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | organelle found in plant cells and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy |
| Cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| Centrioles | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell Wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria |
| Lipid Bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of all cell membranes |
| Concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of a solution; mass/volume |
| Diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane through protein channels |
| Active Transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
Created by:
Rocketdog1567
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