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cellular transport
biology12 terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| carrier protein | Carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules. |
| cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| channel protein | A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. |
| concentration gradient | A measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another. |
| diffusion | The intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles. |
| endocytosis | A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane. |
| exocytosis | When materials leave the cell by the membrane "spitting it out" |
| facilitated transport | The process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. |
| Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model | A model that describes the structure of cell membranes. In this model, a flexible layer made of lipid molecules is interspersed with large protein molecules that act as channels through which other molecules enter and leave the cell. |
| glycolipid | Lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. |
| glycoprotein | Any of a group of cellular macromolecules that are made up of proteins bonded to one or more carbohydrate chains. |
| hydrophilic | Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. |
| hydrophobic | Tending to repel or fail to mix with water. |
| hydrotonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid. |
| isotonic | Denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid. |
| osmosis | A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| passive trnasport processes | The diffusion of substances across a membrane. As we stated above, this is a spontaneous process and cellular energy is not expended. Molecules will move from where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. |
| phagocytosis | The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans. |
| phospholipid | A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule |
| phospholipid bilayer | A two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. |
| pinocytosis | The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| pressure gradient | From higher pressure to lower pressure of fluids in cell. |
| selectively permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. |
| tonicity | A measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
Created by:
jdelmonte
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