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Neuroscience
AP Psych Neurons & Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Body | Life support center of the neuron |
| Dendrites | Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons |
| Axon | Long single extension of a neuron |
| Myelin Sheath | insulate and speed up messages through neurons |
| Terminal Branches | branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons |
| Action Potential | + outside, - inside |
| A neuron will fire if _________ | the depolarizing currents exceeds the threshold |
| Refractory Period | After an action potential is fired, it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire. |
| Synapse | junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
| Agonist | Similar enough in structure to the neurotransmitter molecule that it mimics its effects on receiving neurons |
| Antagonists | Structure similar enough to neurotransmitter to occupy its receptor and block its action |
| Reuptake | Neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the sending neurons; applies brake on neurotransmitter action. |
| Sensory Neurons (afferent) | carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS |
| Motor Neurons (efferent) | carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands |
| interneurons | connect the neurons in the brain and spinal chords |
| glial cells | provide physical and metabolic support to neurons; communicate with other cells |
| Schwann cells | produce myelin in the PNS |
| Oligodendrocytes | produce myelin in the CNS |
| Astrocytes | provide nutrition to neurons |
| Nerves | Made up of many axons |
| CNS Consists of ____ & ____ | Brain, Spinal Chord |
| PNS Consists of ____ & _____ | Autonomic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System |
| Autonomic Nervous System Consists of _____ & _____ | Parasympathetic Division (rest and digest) & Sympathetic Division (fight or flight) |
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