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Cell structure

Terminology for description of cell structure

TermDefinition
Chloroplast Plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyl
ATP Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule that is used almost universally inside cells for energy
Cell wall A rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell
Central vacuole can make up as much as 90% of the cell’s volume, and has a number of functions, including storing substances such as water, enzymes, and salts
Cytoskeleton consists of thread-like filaments and tubules and helps the cell maintain its shape and also holds cell organelles in place within the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids
Endosymbiotic theory A theory that ancient prokaryotes infected (or were engulfed by) larger prokaryotic cells, and the two organisms evolved a symbiotic relationship that benefited both of them
Golgi apparatus a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell
Mitochondria An organelle that makes energy available to the cell; sometimes referred to as the power plants of the cell
Phospholipid bilayer A plasma membrane composed mainly of fatty acids and alcohol
Vesicles These are much smaller than vacuoles and have a variety of functions. They include lysosomes and peroxisomes
Vacuole Sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell
Cytoplasm all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane
Ribosomes structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made
Eukaryotic cell cells that contain a nucleus, and are found mainly in multicellular organisms
Prokaryotic cell cells without a nucleus whose DNA is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane
Nucleus a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains DNA
Organelle a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell
Virus are tiny particles that may cause disease and contain little more than DNA
Created by: bscanlan
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