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Chapter 6
Earth science
Question | Answer |
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sediment | small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water wind, glaciers, and gravity. |
lithification | the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks |
cementation | process of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate out of groundwater and either a new mineral grows between the sediment grains or the same mineral grows between and over the grains |
bedding | horizontal layering in sedimentary rock that can range from a few millimeters to several meters thick |
graded bedding | type of bedding in which particle sizes become progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layers. |
cross-bedding | depositional feature of sedimentary rock that forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried froward across a horizontal surface. |
clastic sedimentary rock | most common type of sedimentary rock, formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediment s that accumulate on Earth's surface; classified according to the size of their particles. |
clastic | rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and erosion and classified according to particle size and shape. |
porosity | percentage of open spaces between grains in a material |
evaporite | the layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that form when concentration of dissolved minerals in a body of water reach saturation due to the evaporation of water |
foliated | metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss, whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands |
nonfoliated | metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes. |
regional metamorphism | process that affects large areas of Earths crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface. |
contact metamorphism | local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock |
hydro thermal metamorphism | occurs when very hot water reacts with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry. |
rock cycle | continuouse dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock |