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Biology Study Cards

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, and Genetic Engineering Study Cards

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Double stranded molecule that stays inside of the nucleus at all times and is used to create proteins.
RNA Ribonucleic Acid; Single stranded molecule that transmits information from DNA to make proteins.
Protein Synthesis Formation of mRNA from DNA (transcription) and the conversion by tRNA to protein (translation).
Nucleotide Basic unit of DNA & RNA; consists of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen bases, and a phosphate group.
DNA Nucleotide Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group
RNA Nucleotide Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group
DNA Nitrogen Bases Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Thymine (T)
RNA Nitrogen Bases Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Uracil (U)
Hydrogen Bond Holds nitrogen bases together in DNA
Covalent Bond Holds sugars and phosphates & sugars and bases together.
DNA Replication Process of copying DNA; occurs during interphase in mitosis and meiosis.
mRNA Messenger RNA; carries message for making proteins from the Nucleus to the Ribosome.
tRNA Tranfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into a protein.
Transcription Creation of mRNA from DNA strand. (INSIDE NUCLEUS)
Translation Conversion of mRNA into protein using tRNA. (OCCURS IN RIBOSOME)
Codon Set of three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid.
Gene Regulation Process where proteins are differentiated by the specific sequence of amino acids.
Mutation Changes in genetic material.
Gel Electophoresis Also known as DNA fingerprinting; allows scientist to identify someone's DNA.
Stem Cells Cells with no specialized function, which can be developed into a variety of cells by activating specific genes on the cells DNA.
Peptide Bond Holds amino acids together.
Created by: Shadowslicah
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