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Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from other cells |
| Prokaryotic cell | cells that do NOT have membrane-bound organelles (NO nucleus) |
| Eukaryotic cell | cells that have membrane-bound organelles (has a nucleus) |
| Cell membrane | surrounds and protects the outside of the cell; lets certain things go in and out of the cell |
| Nucleus | controls the activities of the cell |
| Mitochondria | transform energy for the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | move materials throughout the cell |
| Golgi apparatus | packages and sorts materials in the cell |
| Lysosome | breaks down materials such as worn out organelles, food, viruses, and bacteria |
| Ribosomes | makes proteins |
| Vacuole | stores materials such as water, food, and enzymes; largest organelle in a plant cell |
| Chloroplast | captures energy from the Sun; stores pigment which makes a plant GREEN |
| Cell wall | Supports and protects the plant cell |
| diffusion | Driven by the constant motion of molecules, molecules move down the concentration gradient high to low, or from, an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| What is passive transport? | Energy output isn't required, based on the process of transfusion |
| Which 3 factors effect the rate of diffusion? | Concentration, temperature and pressure |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic solution | When a cell is in a solution that has the same cell concentration of solutes and water (same amount on each side) |
| Hypotonic solution | A solution with a lower concentration of solute, water diffuses into cell (pure water) |
| Hypertonic solution | The concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside. Water diffuses out of the cell (sea water) |
| Active transport | Movement of substances across the plasma membrane, against the concentration gradient. requires energy (low - high concentration) |
| Endocytosis | A process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane |
| During diffusion, which direction do molecules move on the concentration gradient? | Down (high-low) |
| Phagocytosis | "Cell eating" the taking in of solid particles |
| Phinocytosis | "Cell drinking" The taking and of liquids |
| What occurs during exocytosis? | Materials are expelled by diffusion of a vesicle with the membrane (Exo-exit) |
Created by:
smaske
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