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Chapter 14
Relationships of Animal Taxa
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kingdom Animalia has about __ phyla. | 35 |
| Relationships of animals in taxa was based on ... but not it also includes | anatomical and embryological characters; absence of tissues, the type of body symmetry, the number of tissue layers present, the absence or presence and type of body cavity and the ultimate origin of the embronic blastopore. |
| The sponges (phylum -----) lack true tissues and represent a clade (------) distance from all other animal groups (-----) | Proifera, Parazoa, and Eumetazoa. |
| The Cnidaria are diploblastic and have radial symmetry (------) while remaining animal groups are triplocastic and bilaterally symmetrical (the ------) | Radiata, Bilateria |
| KIndom Animalia is about 95% ------ | Invertebrates. |
| Body Plans- Colonial vs Multicellular | In the most For an organism to be multicellular there must be differentiation and specialization of cell types. They must differ in structure and function. It is also assumed that there is an inter-dependence among these cells, so they can't survive on th |
| Body Plans- Body Symmetry | Organisms are radially symmetrical if you cut any number of planes and produce two halves that are mirror images. More advanced animals have bilateral symmetry. There is a distinct sides to the body producing a left, right, anterior, posterior, dorsal and |
| Body Plans- Tissue Organization (general) | A tissue is a part of a body composed of cells of like structure and function. Diploblastic- have two germ tissue layers (ectoderm and endoderm), but most are triploblastic with a third the mesoderm laying between the other two. |
| Body Plans- Tissue Organization (higher life forms) | In higher forms, the ectrogerm develops into the epidermis, nervous tissues and the peripheral sense organs (eyes/ears). The ultimate fate of mesoderm is muscle and skeletal material. Endoderm makes up the internal body organs. |
| Body Plans- Coelom Development | Increasingly complexity of body plans is the evolution and modification of a body cavity. There are two types the acoelomate and pseudocoelum before reaching the true coelom |
| An acoelomate is a condition where if you cut through a section of the organisms you would find | except for the lumen and pharyngeal cavity it is essentially solid. |
| The pseudocoelom is.. | a body cavity, a seperation between the body wall and the internal organs, it can be lined by mesoderm where the walls of the cavity are formed by organs lined with endodermal. |
| A true coelom is lined entirely by... | mesodermal tissues, these form a thin peritoneal membrane over the body wall and cover the internal organs. Coelom can form a hydrostatic skeleton, where pressure within the coelum, exerted muscle sin the body extends forward to provide movement. |
| Integumentary systerm | creates a barrier between interanl structure and the outside. It provides protection against injury, dessicationa dn infection. |
| Muscular | Allows for movement and locomation. |
| Skeletal system | provides support and protection of internal structures. |
| Respiratory system allows for gas exchange, | takes in oxygen and releases CO2 |
| Digestive tracts provide the | processing of food, nutrition-ingestion, digestion absorpition and egestion (elmiantion) |
| Excretory | excrement of nitrogenous waster, osmoregulation (water and ion balance in the body) |
| Circulatory | movement of material within/throughout the body |
| lymphatic | collection of lymph defense against infection and cancerous cells |
| reproductive | reproduction, production of gametes, development of zygote and embryo |
| Nervous system | coordinates activities perceive and respond to stimuli |
| Endocrine allows for | chemical coordination with the body. |
| The state of the body cavity must be considered for ... | triploblastic organisms. |
| Flatworms (phylum _________) are relatively solid organisms with a gastrovascular cavity but .... | no other body cavity (the Acoelomates). |
| Round worms (phylum ________) represent _________. These worms have a body cavity bound by ..... | Nematoda, pseudocoelomates; body cavity bound by mesodermal tissues on on eside and endoderm on the other. (pseudocoelom) |
| A true coelom bound enitrely by mesoderm and are referred to as ________. Of these, the mollusks, Annelids and arthropods are protosomes which means they are... | Coelomates; organisms in which the embryonic blastopore ultimately develops into the mouth (the Protostomia). The Echinodermata and the Chordata, ultimately becomes the anus (Deuterostomia). |
| Process of molting is called.. | ecdysis. |
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kccroy
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