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ES 07 Tectonics
Plate Tectonics terms.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory that earth's continents were once a single landmass | Continental Drift |
| person who proposed the theory of continental drift | Wegener |
| single landmass of joined continents that existed around 250 mya | Pangaea |
| jigsaw fit, similar mountains and fossils on different coastlines, etc | evidence in support of continental drift |
| tropical fern fossil found on what are now diverse continents that suggested they all had a similar climate in the past | Glossopteris |
| any one of the three fossil animals whose wide distribution was cited as evidence of the continents having been connected in the past | Cynognathus Lystrosaurus Mesosaurus |
| fossil remains of tropic ferns suggest this location on earth for Pangaea | near equator |
| evidence found in Antarctica that suggests it was once located in a tropical climate | coal beds |
| deposits from these in parts of Africa, India, Australia and South America suggest these areas were once located near the south pole | glaciers |
| did not explain what force could have pushed the continents apart nor how they could move through earth's (solid) surface | why continental drift was rejected at first |
| device which can detect small changes in magnetic fields | magnetometer |
| uses reflection of sound waves to measure depth of the ocean floor | sonar |
| world's longest mountain range(s) found beneath earth's waters | mid-ocean ridges |
| very low places in earth's oceanic crust where subduction pulls one plate down and drags the edge of the other with it | deep sea trenches |
| name of deepest ocean trench | Mariana |
| age of oceanic crust compared to continental | younger (by a lot) |
| thickness of sediments on ocean floor near mid-ocean ridges compared to sediments near edge of continents | thinner |
| study of the history of earth's magnetic field | paleomagnetism |
| describes the process of earth's N-S field changing directions | magnetic reversal |
| current orientation of earth's magnetic field | normal polarity |
| orientation of earth's magnetic field opposite of today's directon | reverse polarity |
| mineral in oceanic crust that records direction of earth's magnetic field at the time of its solidification from magma | magnetite |
| a line on a map that shows points of the same age | isochron |
| process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges | sea floor spreading |
| describes rising of magma to fill in gap as sea floor spreads | upwelling |
| theory that earth's lithosphere is broken into pieces that move around | plate tectonics |
| plate boundary that creates new ocean floor or rift valleys | divergent |
| plate boundary that destroys ocean floors or creates folded mountains | convergent |
| process that occurs when oceanic crust is pulled under other oceanic or continental crust at a convergent boundary | subduction |
| oceanic-oceanic convergence leads to a trench and this series of structures rising from the seafloor below (ex: Mariana or Aleutians) | volcanic island arc |
| oceanic-continental convergence leads to subduction, a trench, and lots of these along the coastline of the continent (ex: in Andes along coast of Chile/Peru) | volcanoes |
| continental-continental convergence leads to these forming since neither can subduct below the other (ex: Himalayas) | folded mountains |
| plate boundary where once side slides past the other | transform (slip-strike) |
| world's most famous transform plate boundary in California | San Andreas |
| any one of the 3 causes of plate motion as described in notes | convection in mantle, ridge push, slab pull |
Created by:
goakley
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