The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy, often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.

Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy,. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).

An integral membrane protein that undergoes a conformational change to move a molecule from one side of the membrane to another. See also 'uniporter', 'antiporter', and 'symporter'.

An integral protein that selectively allows molecules across the plasma membrane. See also entries under 'ion channel', 'voltage-gated channel', and 'ligand-gated channel'.

A large, ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones, and is used to manufacture bile salts.

The movement of a particle (the solute) in a solution from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration ( or down it concentration gradient).

The uptake of material into a cell, usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis', pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis..

The secretion of a cellular product to the extracellular medium through a secretory vesicle.

the current understanding of membrane structure, in which teh membrane iscomposed of a mix o lipids and proteins (a mosaic) that are free to move fluidly among themselves.

A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.

The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar hydrophobic) regions, e.g. phospholipids, bile, etc

The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient, since where solutes are concentrated, water is scarc

Movement across the membrane of a cell that does not require energy input from the cell. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients to provie the driving force for movement, and includes both simple and facilitated diffusion.

The non-specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.

The non-specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.

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SLS14 Bio 12 Tran LM

CELL TRANSPORT

Term	Definition
Active transport	The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy, often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Carbohydrates	Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy,. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Carrier protein	An integral membrane protein that undergoes a conformational change to move a molecule from one side of the membrane to another. See also 'uniporter', 'antiporter', and 'symporter'.
Channel protein	An integral protein that selectively allows molecules across the plasma membrane. See also entries under 'ion channel', 'voltage-gated channel', and 'ligand-gated channel'.
Cholesterol	A large, ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones, and is used to manufacture bile salts.
Diffusion	The movement of a particle (the solute) in a solution from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration ( or down it concentration gradient).
Endocytosis	The uptake of material into a cell, usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis', pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis..
Exocytosis	The secretion of a cellular product to the extracellular medium through a secretory vesicle.
Fluid mosaic model	the current understanding of membrane structure, in which teh membrane iscomposed of a mix o lipids and proteins (a mosaic) that are free to move fluidly among themselves.
Glycolipid	A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Amphipathic	The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar hydrophobic) regions, e.g. phospholipids, bile, etc
Osmosis	The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient, since where solutes are concentrated, water is scarc
Passive transport	Movement across the membrane of a cell that does not require energy input from the cell. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients to provie the driving force for movement, and includes both simple and facilitated diffusion.
Phagocytosis	The non-specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.
Pinocytosis	The non-specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
Cell membrane
Facilitated Transport
concentration gradient
glycoprotein
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
phospholipid
phospholipid bilayer
pressure gradient
Protein
selectively permeable
Surface area to volume ratio
tonicity

Created by: LMKay

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