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Botany Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aggregation | The clinging together of soil particles to form larger, crumb-like particles |
| Biochemical | A chemical formed by a living organism |
| Capillary water | Water held against the force of gravity |
| Dormancy | Resting or non-growing state |
| Field capacity | Water left after capillary movement stopped |
| Gravitational water | Water that the soil is unable to hold against the force of gravity |
| Loam | Soil with approximately equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay,considered best type of soil for planting |
| Limestone | Natural rock used to reduce soil acidity |
| Medium | Material that is used to start and grow seeds and plants |
| Macro elements | Major elements of fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium-NPK |
| Micro elements | Plant nutrients needed in small quantities |
| Perlite | Gray-white material of volcanic origin used to improve aeration of the media |
| Photoperiodism | Response of plants to different periods of light and darkness in terms of flowering, reproduction cycle, and dormancy |
| Peat Moss | Partially decomposed vegetation that has been preserved underwater |
| Slow release fertilizers | Fertilizer that releases plant nutrients over a long period of time |
| Soilless mix | Contains combinations of perlite, sphagnum moss, peat moss, vermiculite, limestone, tree bark, and slow release fertilizer |
| Sphagnum moss | Dehydrated remains of acid bog plants, used in growing media |
| Transpiration | Loss of water through the leaves or stems of plants |
| Texture triangle | To determine the textural name of a soil |
| Tree bark | Bark of pine or hardwood trees ground in small pieces |
| Vermiculite | Material expanded by heating that increases the water-holding capacity |
| Basic Needs of Plants | Water, nutrition, medium, temperature, light, humidity, insects |
| What makes up 70% to 90% of a plants weight? | Water |
| How many elements does a plant require from the soil or from fertilizers to grow? | Sixteen |
| Where is most of the water found in plants? | Its cells |
| Stress caused to plant by depriving it of water | More susceptible to diseases and insect attack, slows the process of photosynthesis |
| This must be a water solution before roots can absorb and transport it | Nutrients |
| Sandy soil | Soil in which silt and clay make up less than 20% of material by weight,these soils drain well, but have little capacity to hold moisture & plant food |
| Loan soil | Mixture of approximately equal parts of sand, silt and clay |
| Organic matter | Dead & decaying plat parts that improve the water-holding & fertilizer holding capacity of the soil. |
| How can you determine a soil by a mechanical analysis' actually measuring the % of sand, silt and clay? | By using the texture triangle |
| If a plant is allowed to reach the extreme wilt stage, what will occur? | Death |
| What % of a plant weight is water? | 70 to 90% |
| What would you add to reduce the soil pH? | Sulfur |
| What section of soil profile contains the most organic matter? | Topsoil |
| Why would you add gypsum to soil? | Change the particle size and loosen the compaction of soil, improve drainage, decrease acidity, and eliminate soil salt |
| List three short day plants | Poinsettia, Chrysanthemum, Christmas cactus |
| List three long day plants | Lettuce, radishes, potatoes |
| What indicates a nitrogen deficiency? | Yellow/pale green leaves |
| What indicates a phosphorous deficiency? | Purple on underside of leaves,reduced flower, fruit and seed production, susceptibility to plant disease |
| Function and description of Nitrogen | Encourages above ground vegetative growth, gives dark green color to leaves-produces soft, tender growth |
| Function and description of Phosphorus | Needed for flowers and seeds to form, hastens maturity,encourages root growth, increases resistance to disease,improves quality of crop |
| Function and description of Potassium | Necessary for starch formation, increases plant's resistance to disease,needed for the development of chlorophyll, encourages efficient use of carbon dioxide |
| Function and description of LIme | Affects soil acidity,furnished calcium,which is important in forming plant cell walls |
Created by:
sudokken
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