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Cells Vocabulary

Vocabulary for the Cells Unit

TermDefinition
Cell the smallest structure making up all living things
Cell Membrane a phospholipid layer that acts as a barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Organelles parts of a cell that are specialized to perform a particular function for the cell
Nucleus Only in Eukaryotic cells - a membrane bound organelle containing the cell's DNA
Golgi Complex Cell organelle that makes and packages materials to be transported out of the cell
Vesicle In Eukaryotic cells - a small "sack" that is used to store materials that are transported into or within a cell.
Lysosome A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down materials for the cell
Large Central Vacuole Found in plants, this organelle is used to store water and other liquids.
Tissue A group of similar types of cells that work together to perform a common function or job. Ex: Muscle cells form muscles which allow movement in human bodies.
Organ A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body. Ex: The heart is an organ made of muscle tissue
Organ system A group of organs that work together to perform body functions. Ex: The Cardio-vascular system is made up of the heart, lungs and veins and arteries and function to pump blood to the body
Organism Anything that perform life processes by itself. It can be single celled or multi-celled. Ex: a bacteria cell, a dog, a plant, a mushroom.
Nuclear Pores Openings on the nuclear envelope surrounding the nucleus of a cell. These openings allow material to pass out of the nucleus.
ATP The energy carrying molecule - Adenosine Triphosphate
Nucleolus Located within the nucleus, this region is where the cell begins to make its ribosomes.
Diffusion The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Osmosis The diffusion of WATER through a semipermeable membrane
Passive Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy
Active Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane WITH the use of energy
Endocytosis The process in which a cell brings particles INTO the cell. ENTERS THE CELL
Endocytosis The process in which a cell ReMOVES particles form the cell. EXITS THE CELL
Photosynthesis Process in which sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are converted into food by producers
Cellular respiration The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
Fermentation The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen (anaerobic)
Cell cycle The life cycle of a cell
chromosomes Contains the DNA within the nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell
Homologous chromosomes Pairs of chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes they are coding for
Mitosis In Eukaryotic cells, the process of cell division that forms 2 new "daughter" cells each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Interphase Occurs prior to the start of mitosis - DNA is copied
Prophae The 1st phase of mitosis - chromosoems condense, spindle fibers begin to form and the nuclear membrane begins to disappear
Metaphase The 2nd phase of mitosis. The chromosomes are lined up at the cell's equator
Anaphase The 3rd phase of mitosis - the chromatids separate and move toward the opposite sides of the cell
Telophase The 4th stage of mitosis. The chromatids reach the poles, the nuclear membrane begins to reform around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.
Cytokinesis In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches together and forms two cells. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two new cells.
Created by: akmentzel
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