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Adult Health
infection control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| major reservoir of e. coli | colon |
| major reservoir of s. aureus | skin, hair, anterior nares, mouth |
| major reservoir of streptococcus (group a) organisms | oropharynx, skin, perianal area |
| major reservoir of streptococcus (group b) | adult genitalia |
| major reservoir of myobacteium tuberculosis | droplet nuclei from lungs, larynx |
| major reservoir of neisseria gonorrhoeae | genitourinary tract, rectum, mouth |
| reservoir of rickettsia rickettsii | wood tick |
| reservoir of s. edpidermidis | skin |
| infection caused by e. coli | gastroenteritis, uti |
| infection caused by s. aureus | wound infection, pneumonia, food poisoning, cellulitis |
| infection caused by group a streptococcus | strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo, wound infection |
| infection caused by group b streptococcus | uti, wound infection, postpartum sepsis, neonatal septis |
| infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis | tuberculosis |
| infection caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae | gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious arthritis, conjuctivitis |
| infection caused by rickettsia rickettsii | rocky mountain spotted fever |
| infection caused by staphlococcus epidermidis | wound infection, bactermia |
| reservoir of hepatitis a virus | feces |
| reservoir of hepatitis b virus | blood and certain body fluids, sexual contact |
| reservoir of hepatitis c virus | blood, certain body fluids, sexual contact |
| reservoir of herpes simplex virus (type 1) | lesions of mouth or skin, saliva, genitalia |
| reservoir of HIV | blood, semen, vaginal secretions via sexual contact |
| infection caused by herpes simplex virus (type 1) | cold sores, aseptic meningitis, sexually transmitted disease, herpetic whitlow |
| infection caused by HIV | AIDS |
| reservior of aspergillus organisms | soil, dust, mouth, skin, colon, genital tract |
| reservoir of candida albicans | mouth, skin, colon, genital tract |
| reservoir of plasmodium falciparum | blood |
| infection caused by aspergillus organisms | aspergillosis, pneumonia, sepsis |
| infection caused by candida albicans | candidiasis, pneumonia, sepsis |
| infection caused by plasmodium falciparum | malaria |
| 2 types of fungi | aspergillus organism and candida albicans |
| what is the most common reservoir for infection? | human body |
| what does the bacteria legionella pnemophila cause? | legionnaires' disease - it survives in contaminated water and water systems |
| what does clostridium perfringens cause? | gas gangrene |
| which causes more disease in humans? aerobic or anaerobic? | aerobic |
| infections in the joint or in a deep sinus tract are typically caused by what type of organism? | anaerobic |
| clostridium difficile causes what? | antibiotic-induced diarrhea |
| what is the ideal temperature for most human pathogens? | 20 degrees to 43 degrees celsius (68-108 F) |
| bacteriostasis | reproduction of bacteria |
| bactericidal | temperature of chemical that destroys bacteria |
| most microorganisms prefer an environment with a PH of..... | 5-7 |
| what bacteria causes a yellow, creamy drainage | s. aureus |
| what bacteria causes a greenish, creamy drainage | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| what is one of the most contaminated sites of the human body? | mouth |
| fecal/oral is what type of contact? | direct |
| what are examples or organisms that travle via direct contact? | hepatitis a virus, shigella, staphylococcus |
| personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object | indirect contact (needles, dressing, environment) |
| examples of organisms that travel via indirect contact | hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hiv, staphylococcus, respiratory syncytial virus, pseudomonas,MRSA |
| large particles that travel up to 3 feet and come in contact with susceptible host | droplet (cough/sneezing/talking) |
| examples of organisms that travel via droplet contact | influenza virus, rubella virus, bacterial meningitis |
| droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air | airborne (coughing/sneezing) |
| organisms that travel via airborne contact | mycobacterium tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus, aspergillus, measles virus |
| contaminated items | vechicles |
| organisms that travel via contaminated items | vibrio cholerae, mrsa |
| organisms that travel via water | pseudomonas, legionella |
| organisms that travle via drugs, solutions | pseudomonas |
| organisms that travle via blood | hepatitis b and c, hiv, syphilis |
| organism that travel via food | salmonella, e. coli, clostrium botulinum |
| examples of vectors | flies, mosquitoes, louse, flea, tick |
| organisms that travel via tranfer flies | v. cholerae |
| organisms that travel via mosquito | plasmodium falciparum (malaria), west nile virus |
| organisms that travel via louse | rickettsia typhi |
| organisms that travel via flea | yersinia pestis (plaque) |
| organisms that travel via tick | lyme disease |
| interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms | incubation period |
| interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, low-grade fever, fatigue) to more specific symptoms | prodromal stage |
| this is the stage where microorganisms grow and multiply | prodromal stage |
| client may only show a few symptoms during this stage but can transfer the disease to another | prodromal stage |
| interval when client manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection | illness stage |
| interval when actue symptoms of infectoin disappear. | convalescence |
| length of recovery depends on what? | severity of infection and client's host resistance |
| type of HAI from a diagnostic or theraputic prodecure | iatrogenic infection |
| immune senescence | age-related decline in immune system function |
| normal wbc count | 5,000-10,000 - increased in acute infection, decreased in certain viral or overwhelming infections |
| normal esr | up to 15 for men and 20 for women |
| normal iron level | 60-90g/100ml - decreased in chronic infection |
| normal neutrophils | 55-70% - increased in pus-forming infeciton, decreased in overwhelming bacterial infection (older adult) |
| normal lymphocytes | 20-40% - increased in chronic bacterial and viral infection, decreased in sepsis |
| normal monocytes | 5-10% - increased in protozoan, rickettsial, and tuberculosis infections |
| normal eosinophils | 1-4% - increased in parasitic infection |
| normal basophils | 0.5-1.5% - normal during infection |
| a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects | disinfection |
| complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including sports | sterilization |
| infection from a client's normal flora | endogenous |
| infection from outside the client | exogenous |
| infection resulting from delivery of health services in a health care facility | iatrogenic |
| reinfection or a second infection of the same kind | superinfection |
| systemic sepsis | septicemia |
| insufficient cardiac output, inadequate blood supply to vital organs which leads to hypoxia, metabolic failture | septic shock |
Created by:
miranda130
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