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UCO Music History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three Greek tetrachords? | Chromatic, Enharmonic, Diatonic |
| Who was more important to music theory in the Middle Ages, Pythagoras of Aristoxenus? | Pythagoras |
| Why is St. Augustine important to western music? | His philosophies about music are the main reason music is/was accepted as a form of worship in the church. |
| What does Melismatic mean? | Many notes per syllable. |
| What events are related in the temporal cycle of the liturgy? | The life and teachings of Jesus. |
| What are the two main worship services of the Catholic church? | Mass and Office |
| What is the final characteristic used to define mode? | The final (note of a chant) |
| Why is the Musica Enchiriadis important? | It contains the first real definitions on mode and organum. |
| What does the "ordinary" refer to? | The part of mass that happens every service. |
| What is Notre Dame Polyphony? | Organum music developed in the 12th century containing three sections- melismatic organum, plainchant, and discant. |
| What was the first western secular art music? | Music of the Troubadors |
| What was the first liturgical drama? | Easter |
| Rhythmic characteristic of discant | The two lines use mostly the same rhythms. |
| Musical characteristics typical of music in the 14th century Ars Nova? | Duple meter, Music written for 3 parts, the use of thirds and sixths, treble dominated voicing. |
| Who wrote the treatise, Ars Nova? | Phillip De Vitry |
| What is the Polytextual Motet? | New text set in the top voice and an original chant in the lower voice; multiple texts at one time. |
| What is important about the Conductus? | The first form of entirely new polyphonic music |
| Who was Leonin? | The first famous composer of Notre Dame Organum |
| What is the rhythmic characteristic of a Franconian motet? | rhythmic layers- fast, medium, slow |
| What is the Roman de Fauvel | The satire type novel criticizing the catholic church; making their corruption public. |
| Does sacred or secular music dominate the 14th century? | Secular |
| How many parts are characteristic of 14th century music | Three |
| What is a tetrachord? | A four note scale spanning the interval of a fourth |
| What was the schola cantorum? | The school of singing in Rome. |
| What is an antiphon? | The syllabic verse added to an original psalmody. |
| What is the main characteristic of modal notation? | It relays rhythm. |
| What was the first form of western musical notation called? | unheightened |
| What are the two main worship services of the catholic church? | Mass and Office |
| What is a tonary? | A book of notated liturgy or chants. |
| Which of the three types of chant is declamatory? | Direct |
| Which was the most musical important canonical hour? | Vespers |
| What is the Gradual? | A book with music of the mass. |
| What were the two parts of Charlemagne's unification strategy for his kingdom? | Uniform religion and language. |
| What is the melodic style of an antiphon? | Syllabic |
| Which is the more important liturgical cycle, Temporal or Sanctoral? | Temporal: concerns the daily events of Jesus. |
| What is a neume? | A symbol that represents a note. |
| What is a ligature? | Two or more notes bound together |
| In which century did western musical notation probably originate? | 8th century |
| What is organum? | The earliest form of polyphony. |
| Why is Boethius important for the history of western music? | He translated the Quadrivium into latin which preserved the pythagorean theorems which our western system of tuning is based on. |
| What is the harmonic series? | A series of overtone pitches sounding over a fundamental generating pitch/ |
| What are the five parts of the mass ordinary in order? | Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei |
| How many texts are in the 15th c. motet? | One |
| What creates the characteristic sound of the English style? | Triads, the use of thirds and sixths in parallel motion, and carefully controlled and resolved dissonance. |
| The composers of what specific region transmitted the English style to the rest of Europe? | Burgundy |
| What is continuous melody? | The melody continues over what could have been a cadence point. |
| What is Head Motive? | The statement of a melodic motive successively in each voice of a composition; like a fugue. |
| What is the Point of Imitation? | The place where the new idea is introduced. |
| What is Word Painting? | The composer's attempt at setting music to text, ultimately up to the vocalist's interpretation. |
| What is Continuous Imitation? | The use of imitation as the basic contrapuntal technique in composition. The counterpoint is based on imitation- on going. |
| What is the "tactus"? | Pulse |
| What is text setting? | Setting a syllable to a note; opposite of word painting where music was set to a poem. Text setting is about setting words to the music. |
| What is the cantus firms technique? | Composition based on a preexisting melody |
| When was the Council of Trent? | 1550 |
| What was the big issue of the Council of Trent? | The catholic response to the Lutheran reformation |
| What was the impact of the Council of Trent on music? | Simplifying liturgical music; it had gotten too busy and hard to understand the text. |
| What were the three reformations? | Lutheran, Catholic, and English |
| In which composer's music would you expect to find pervasive imitation, Josquin or Palestrina? | Josquin |
| In which composer's music would you expect to find more word painting, Palestrina or Vittoria? | Vittoria |
| What is word painting? | The composer's attempt at matching music to text. |
| What is one way that Palestrina insures clarity of the text? | Simple rhythms |
| What is voice pairing? | Texture alteration; voices adding in or dropping out at specific times. |
| Which genre has sections that reflect poetic structure, Parisian chanson or madrigal? | Parisian chanson |
| What did "through composition" of madrigals allow for? | Continuous melody and a more free structure without repeated sections. |
| In which would you expect to find more elaborate polyphony, parisian chanson or middle era madrigal? | Middle era madrigal |
| In which would you expect to find dissonance for word painting, late madrigal or Palestrina mass? | Late madrigal |
| Which two distinguishing characteristics of mode were first identified? | The final and range |
| What is the innovative characteristic of modal notation? | Rhythmic notation |
| What improvement does mensural notation make? | Clarification of meter and subdivision |
| What is successive composition? | A compositional technique where the tenor line is completely written, another line written based off the tenor and the other lines based off only one other voice- creates dissonance. |
| What is the second prattica and what are its two distinctive musical characteristics ? | a new contrapuntal style developed in the baroque period; it's two characteristics are dissonance and word painting to evoke emotion |
| What is the main intent of baroque music? | to relay and evoke emotion |
| What is a ritornello? | a returning instrumental interlude between strophes in a strophic aria |
| What is a ground bass form? | A short, usually eight bar, simple bass line that is constant and played continuously through out the piece. |
| What is the practice of diminution? | A type of ornamentation interpreted by the performer to break a long note (in value) up into it's subdivisions |
| What is a monody? | A single voiced line with basso continuo accompaniment |
| What are color and talea? | melodic and rhythmic components of the cantus firms technique |
| What was Maffei? | a technique book for singers but was also used by instrumentalists. |
| What is Favola in music? | a story in music |
| What was the sacred contrapuntal style of the Rennaisance? | Prima pratica |
| How did the French Tragédie Lyrique differ from the Italian Opera Seria? | It was performed exclusively for aristocrats and consisted of simple, melodic lines to emphasize the text. |
| How did the Italian Opera Seria differ from the French Tragédie Lyrique? | It was middle class entertainment. The melodies were elaborate and intricate to show off the virtuosity of the singers, the emphasis was on the music. |
| What is the main influence on French music? | Dance |
| What did the motet develop into? | The multi movement cantata |
| What are the three different instrumental concertos? | Concerto Ripieno, Concerto Grosso, and Solo Concerto |
| What does ripieno mean? | Full |
| What is a concerto ripieno? | a work for a full ensemble without any separate soloist(s). |
| What is a concerto grosso? | a type of concerto influenced particularly by the German vocal/instrumental concerto and its use of a select smaller vocal ensemble pitted against the full choir. |
| What is a solo concerto? | the last and latest type of concerto to develop in the late 17th century. |
| What is distinct about Corelli's compositional style? | He creates a dialogue that goes back and forth. |
| What is distinct about Vivaldi's compositional style? | He used a regular structure of alteration and adapted the ritornello form |
| What was the concerto gross written by Bach? | Brandenburg |
| What are the three aspects of Torelli's concerto ritornello form? | Texture alteration, Melodic Material, and Harmonic Structure |
| What is a Passacaglia? | a ground bass form that serves as the foundation for a series of variations. |
| Why was Corelli important? | He is the single most important figure for the development of western functional harmony and he set the standard baroque string setting (2violin, viola, and cello) As well as being a composer and violin virtuoso. |
| What do these all have in common: Sonata de camera, Ordre, Ouverture, Partita, Leçon, Lesson.. | They are all different names for a "suite" |
| Who was it that reunited the French and Italian national styles? | Muffat |
| What does PACSOG stand for? | Prelude, Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Optional..., Gigue |
Created by:
kelcie.scarberry
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