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Geological Evolution

Evolution of the Earth

TermDefinition
relative dating The age of a rock or fossil described in comparison to that of another rock or fossil.
absolute dating The actual age of a rock or fossil or how long ago it formed.
radioactive dating A means of measuring the age of a material by comparing the amount of a radioactive form of an element with the amount of its decay product.
half life The time required for any specified property to decrease by half.
fossils Imprints or the remains of organisms that were once alive
paleontology The branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
superposition Older layers of rock lie beneath younger rock layers.
faults A break or crack in Earth's surface along which movement occurs.
intrusions The action or process of forcing a body of igneous rock between or through existing formations, without reaching the surface.
erosion A process by which weathered rock is picked up and moved to new places.
ice cores A long tube shaped sample of ice taken from a glacier that helps give us data about the composition of the Earth's atmosphere during long periods of time.
geological time The time line that organizes Earth's history over the last 4.6 billion years.
continental drift The theory that explains how the continents were once together, Pangaea, and then have steadily drifted apart. First proposed by Alfred Wegener.
pangaea The hypothetical landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from about 300 to 200 million years ago.
plate tectonics A scientific theory that the Earth's surface is made of very large sections that move very slowly.
index fossil A fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.
trace fossil A fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.
unconformity A mixture of material in a rock.
extinction No longer found living on Earth.
strata A layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground.
Created by: stevenj1
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