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vascular lung
Stack #171443
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| involves the accumulation of extravascular fluid within the lungs, initially in the interstitial space and subsequently spilling over into the alveoli. | PULMONARY EDEMA |
| Circulatory resp disorder due to either disturbances of the normal hemodynamic equilibrium (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease, longstanding mitral stenosis, etc.) or microvascular injury. | pulmonary edema |
| Circulatory resp disorder, This relates to the impaction of a free floating mass (usually thrombus) in the pulmonary arterial bed. | PULMONARY EMBOLUS |
| The etiology of this circulatory resp disease includes multiple entities which would predispose to venous thrombosis or stasis (such as surgery, immobility/immobilization, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, obesity, muscular weakness, cancer, and use of | pulmonary embolus |
| The pathologic change and the clinical manifestations of pulmonary emboli are dependent on, what two things? | the size of the vessels in which the embolus impacts and also on the preexistent cardiovascular status of the lung. |
| Small emboli lodge in peripheral pulmonary vessels causing local congestion, edema, and hemorrhage but may produce what clinical symptoms | possibly none |
| Recurrent showers of small emboli, however, will result in progressive reduction of the perfusable pulmonary vascular bed and give rise to | pulmonary hypertension. |
| Due to the changes in hemodynamics with recurrent small embolus,this may be manifested by dyspnea on exertion, anginal pain, syncope, and venous distention of the neck veins. | pulmonary hypertension. |
| Occlusion of what size pulmonary arteries may produce a sudden onset of dyspnea, hyperventilation, and tachycardia. Other related symptoms would be anxiety, syncope, and anterior chest pain. | medium size |
| What type of embolization, particularly of the saddle type, may induce the immediate catastrophic syndrome of acute heart failure and sudden death | Massive |
| Why might massive emboli cause sudden death? | perhaps related to neural reflexes that produce cardiac arrhythmias) |
| Type of emboli,may result in shock with central chest pain, severe dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia and diaphoresis (occasionally mimicking myocardial infarct). | Massive |
| Most clinically significant emboli, therefore, are the larger ones that originate from thrombi in the ___________and not the deep calf veins. | femoral/iliac veins |
| - When pulmonary emboli are clinically suspected, the best primary screening tool is a | ventilation-perfusion scan of the lung (chest x-rays are frequently normal). |
| What has the best diagnostic sensitivity test for pulmonary emboli | Pulmonary arteriography |
| With pulmonary emboli, Blood gases on room air usually reveal what related to pCO2 | decreased pCO2 (< 40 mm Hg) |
| Why would a person with a pulmonary emboli have a pco2 lower than 40 (decreased) | due to hyperventaliation |
| What is the o2 level of a person with a pulmonary emboli | less than 80 |
| What is treatment for a client who has pulmonary emboli? | heparin anticoagulation. thrombolytic therapy Long term oral anticoagulation (3-6 months or longer) is also recommended. |
| Prevention methods related to pulmonary emboli | graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression boots, Anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparins, placement of inferior vena cava filters |
| involves the accumulation of extravascular fluid within the lungs, initially in the interstitial space and subsequently spilling over into the alveoli. | PULMONARY EDEMA |
| Circulatory resp disorder due to either disturbances of the normal hemodynamic equilibrium (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease, longstanding mitral stenosis, etc.) or microvascular injury. | pulmonary edema |
| Circulatory resp disorder, This relates to the impaction of a free floating mass (usually thrombus) in the pulmonary arterial bed. | PULMONARY EMBOLUS |
| The etiology of this circulatory resp disease includes multiple entities which would predispose to venous thrombosis or stasis (such as surgery, immobility/immobilization, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, obesity, muscular weakness, cancer, and use of | pulmonary embolus |
| The pathologic change and the clinical manifestations of pulmonary emboli are dependent on, what two things? | the size of the vessels in which the embolus impacts and also on the preexistent cardiovascular status of the lung. |
| Small emboli lodge in peripheral pulmonary vessels causing local congestion, edema, and hemorrhage but may produce what clinical symptoms | possibly none |
| Recurrent showers of small emboli, however, will result in progressive reduction of the perfusable pulmonary vascular bed and give rise to | pulmonary hypertension. |
| Due to the changes in hemodynamics with recurrent small embolus,this may be manifested by dyspnea on exertion, anginal pain, syncope, and venous distention of the neck veins. | pulmonary hypertension. |
| Occlusion of what size pulmonary arteries may produce a sudden onset of dyspnea, hyperventilation, and tachycardia. Other related symptoms would be anxiety, syncope, and anterior chest pain. | medium size |
| What type of embolization, particularly of the saddle type, may induce the immediate catastrophic syndrome of acute heart failure and sudden death | Massive |
| Why might massive emboli cause sudden death? | perhaps related to neural reflexes that produce cardiac arrhythmias) |
| Type of emboli,may result in shock with central chest pain, severe dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia and diaphoresis (occasionally mimicking myocardial infarct). | Massive |
| Most clinically significant emboli, therefore, are the larger ones that originate from thrombi in the ___________and not the deep calf veins. | femoral/iliac veins |
| - When pulmonary emboli are clinically suspected, the best primary screening tool is a | ventilation-perfusion scan of the lung (chest x-rays are frequently normal). |
| What has the best diagnostic sensitivity test for pulmonary emboli | Pulmonary arteriography |
| With pulmonary emboli, Blood gases on room air usually reveal what related to pCO2 | decreased pCO2 (< 40 mm Hg) |
| Why would a person with a pulmonary emboli have a pco2 lower than 40 (decreased) | due to hyperventaliation |
| What is the o2 level of a person with a pulmonary emboli | less than 80 |
| What is treatment for a client who has pulmonary emboli? | heparin anticoagulation. thrombolytic therapy Long term oral anticoagulation (3-6 months or longer) is also recommended. |
| Prevention methods related to pulmonary emboli | graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression boots, Anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparins, placement of inferior vena cava filters |
| This signifies ischemic coagulation necrosis of lung parenchyma | PULMONARY INFARCTION |
| PULMONARY INFARCTION is almost always due to | pulmonary emboli |
| If a client has a pulmonary emboli, do they always have a pulmonary infarction? | no |
| Infarcts occur in what percent of pulmonary emboli | only 5-10% |
| The majority of infarcts where? | lower lobes, right. |
| Histologically, the infarct shows | hemorrhagic coagulation necrosis. |
| When symptomatic, a clinical triad indicative of pulmonary infarction includes | dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pleuritic chest pain (with possible pleural friction rub). |
| Additional findings of what type of restrictive lung disease, low grade fever and leukocytosis may be additional findings. | pulmonary infarction |
| Radiologically, a pulmonary infarct will show a wedge-shaped consolidation along a _______is classic although not that frequently seen. | pleural surface |
| What happens to the diaphram with a pulmonary infarct | elevation |
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